The Canon and How Much Did Early Christians Refer to the Old Testament?
(October 2006 version)
It is agreed that early Christians accepted the Old Testament, but it is interesting to compare the documented references of the Old Testament to the New. This chart showed who referred to which Old Testament passages and when. The apocrypha and pseudepigrapha are listed in a separate chart. The red rows are persecutions of Christians during this time, and green rows are heresies and controversies. Here is the legend.
W = Books and quotes mentioned by name or by writer G = Quoted as God says or God’s Word g = Mentions Kings with no allusion or reference
B = Mentioned as scripture or by prophet(s). Q = Quote of 1 or more verses. ½ = quote of ½ a verse
A = Allusion. - = no reference blank = not researched yet
Writer |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
OT |
Law |
Gn |
Ex |
Lv |
Nm |
Dt |
Josh |
Jdg |
Ru |
1Sam |
2Sam |
1Ki |
2Ki |
1Chr |
2Chr |
Ezr |
Neh |
Esth |
Job |
Ps |
Pr |
Ec |
SofS |
Isa |
Jer |
Lam |
Eze |
Dan |
12 |
Hos |
Joel |
Am |
Ob |
Jon |
Mic |
Nah |
Hab |
Zeph |
Hag |
Zech |
Mal |
Writer |
Nero and Domitian persecute Christians |
|
50 and 95/96 |
|
|
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|
|
Domitian persecutes Christians |
Clement of Rome |
16 ¼ |
97/98 |
- |
- |
B |
G |
- |
Q |
Q |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
B |
W |
G |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
G |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
B |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
Clement of Rome |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
13 |
c.100-117 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
G |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version) |
Trajan persecutes Christians |
|
107 |
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|
Trajan persecutes Christians |
Didache (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
4 ¾ |
Before 125 |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Didache (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles) |
Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
c.17 |
125 or138-161 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apology of Aristides (Greek version) |
Quadratus of Athens fragment |
1/8 |
126 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Quadratus of Athens fragment |
Letter to Diognetus |
5 ¼ |
c.130 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
Letter to Diognetus |
Hadrian persecutes Christians |
|
118 & 134 |
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|
Hadrian persecutes Christians |
Letter of Barnabas |
12 ½ |
100-150 |
- |
- |
G |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
G |
G |
- |
G |
B |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
B |
G |
- |
Letter of Barnabas |
Polycarp to the Philippians |
3 ½ |
100-155 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polycarp to the Philippians |
Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
2 |
130-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
½ |
-150 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
“Presbyters” (Papias?) |
Shepherd of Hermas |
46 ½ |
160 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
Shepherd of Hermas |
Justin Martyr |
137 |
138-165 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
A |
Q |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
B |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
Justin Martyr |
Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp |
5 |
c.169 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp |
Hegesippus |
2 ½ |
170 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Hegesippus |
Dionysius of Corinth |
1/3 |
170 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Corinth |
Melito/Meleto of Sardis |
11 |
170-177/180 |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
X |
X |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Melito/Meleto of Sardis |
Tatian, Encratite heretic, disciple of Justin |
18+86 |
Died 172 |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Tatian, Encratite heretic, disciple of Justin |
Gnostic heresies become widespread |
|
c.170 |
|
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|
Gnostic heresies become widespread |
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
|
177 |
|
|
|
|
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|
Persecution of Marcus Aurelius |
Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
6 ½ |
177 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons) |
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis |
½ |
177, 160-180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis |
Athenagoras |
19 ½ |
177 |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Athenagoras |
Theophilus of Antioch |
32 |
168-181/188 |
- |
- |
W |
G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
Theophilus of Antioch |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
262 |
182-188 |
W |
- |
W |
W |
½ |
W |
W |
W |
A |
- |
Q |
Q |
Q |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
A |
W |
W |
A |
W |
W |
- |
W |
B |
B |
- |
W |
Q |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp |
Rhodon |
½ |
180 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Rhodon |
Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs |
¾ |
180-202 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs |
Maximus of Jerusalem |
5 |
185-196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maximus of Jerusalem |
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
3 |
190-217 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caius and the Muratorian Canon |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Paschal Synod) |
½ |
196 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Polycrates of Ephesus (Paschal Synod) |
Sabellian heresies |
|
200 |
|
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|
Sabellian heresies |
Persecution of Septimus Severus |
|
202 |
|
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|
Persecution of Septimus Severus |
Serapion of Antioch |
1/3 |
200-210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Serapion of Antioch |
Minucius Felix |
25 |
210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Minucius Felix |
Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists) |
1 |
c.210 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists) |
Tertullian (Montanist) |
741 |
200-240 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
A |
A |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
A |
W |
W |
Tertullian (Montanist |
Tertullian’s 5 Books Against Marcion |
194 |
207/8 |
W |
W |
W |
G |
G |
G |
W |
A |
- |
- |
W |
A |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
Tertullian’s 5 Books Against Marcion |
Clement of Alexandria |
424 |
193-217/220 |
- |
- |
W |
Q |
W |
B |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
Q |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
B |
W |
W |
Clement of Alexandria |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria |
11 ½ |
-224/232 |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria |
Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
2 ¾ |
c.232 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists) |
Hippolytus, disciple of Irenaeus |
225 |
222-235/6 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
A |
A |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
W |
Hippolytus, disciple of Irenaeus |
Maximim persecutes Christians |
|
235 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximim persecutes Christians |
Commodianus |
16 |
c.240 |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Commodianus |
Julius Africanus |
9 |
232-245 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Julius Africanus |
Second Clement |
5 ¾ |
200-250 |
- |
- |
B |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
B |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Second Clement |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
¾ |
233-251 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil) |
Origen (heterodox teacher) |
622 |
225-254 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
B |
W |
- |
B |
Q |
W |
W |
W |
- |
A |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
B |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Origen |
Severe persecution by Decius - Gallus |
|
250-251 - 253 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus |
Novatian the schismatic |
38 ½ |
250/254-256/7 |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
W |
W |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Novatian the schismatic |
Valerian continues persecuting Christians |
|
253-260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valerian continues persecuting Christians |
Anonymous Treatise Against Novatian |
6 ½ |
c.248-258 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
B |
- |
W |
- |
Anonymous Treatise Against Novatian |
Anonymous Treatise on Rebaptism |
11 |
c.248-258 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Anonymous Treatise on Rebaptism |
Cyprian of Carthage |
270 |
c.246-258 |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Cyprian of Carthage |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
¾ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18) |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
1 ¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20) |
Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21) |
¾ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21) |
Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25) |
2 ½ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25) |
Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47) |
1 ¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47) |
Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (ltr 49) |
¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (ltr 49) |
Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (74) |
7 ¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
Q |
B |
- |
Q |
Q |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (74) |
Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (77) |
¾ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (77) |
Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78) |
½ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78) |
Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79) |
¼ |
c.246-256 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79) |
Theognostus of Alexandria |
½ |
260 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theognostus of Alexandria |
Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed writings) |
28 ½ |
240-265 |
- |
- |
B |
- |
- |
- |
W |
A |
- |
- |
B |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisput. writings) |
Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist) |
39 ½ |
246-256 |
- |
- |
Q |
A |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
W |
Q |
Q |
- |
W |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist) |
Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) |
7 ¼ |
258 |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops) |
Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians) |
1 |
259-269 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
B |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians) |
Malchion |
2 ½ |
270 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Malchion |
Aurelian Persecution |
|
270 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aurelian Persecution |
Pierius of Alexandria (fragment) |
½ |
275 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pierius of Alexandria (fragment) |
Archelaus (against Manichaeans) |
56 |
262-278 |
W |
W |
W |
A |
- |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
¼ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Archelaus (against Manichaeans) |
Diodorus (in Archelaus’ Disput. with Manes) |
2 ¾ |
262-278 |
W |
W |
- |
A |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Diodorus (Archelaus’ Disput. with Manes) |
Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician) |
7 ½ |
270-280 |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician) |
Theonas of Alexandria |
3 |
282-300 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Theonas of Alexandria |
Alexander of Lycopolis Of the Manichaeans |
12 |
301 |
W |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Alexander of Lycopolis Of the Manichaeans |
Arnobius Against the Heathen |
126 ½ |
297-303 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Arnobius Against the Heathen |
Victorinus of Petau in Austria |
18 ½ |
martyred 304 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Victorinus of Petau in Austria |
Phileas of Thmuis, Egypt |
2 ½ |
martyred 307 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Phileas of Thmuis, Egypt |
Pamphilus disciple of Pierius |
2 ¾ |
309 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Pamphilus disciple of Pierius |
Diocletian persecutes Christians |
|
284, 303-305 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diocletian persecutes Christians |
Peter of Alexandria |
16 ½ |
285-310/1 |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
B |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Peter of Alexandria |
Methodius of Olympus and Patara |
86 ½ |
260-312 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
A |
B |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
B |
A |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
B |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
A |
Methodius of Olympus and Patara |
Alexander of Alexandria |
12 |
313-326 |
- |
- |
G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
G |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
Alexander of Alexandria |
Licinius persecutes Christians in the east |
|
315-323 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Licinius persecutes Christians in the east |
Lactantius, tutor of Constantine ’s son |
305 ½ |
315-325/330 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
|
W |
W |
A |
Q |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
A |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
Lactantius, tutor of Constantine’s son |
Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
315-325/330 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops) |
3 1/3 |
314 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops) |
Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others) |
1 1/3 |
c.315 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others) |
Total references up to 325 A.D. |
|
Up to 325 |
17 |
10 |
27 |
21 |
12 |
18 |
21 |
12 |
8 |
1 |
13 |
10 |
15 |
9 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
2-1 |
3-1 |
13 |
23 |
22 |
11 |
9 |
25 |
19 |
6 |
19 |
16 |
4 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
0 |
7 |
13 |
4 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
16 |
14 |
Total references up to 325 A.D. |
Arian heresy spreads to Alexandria |
|
c.318 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arial heresy spreads to Alexandria |
Constantine Legalizes Christianity |
|
324 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constantine Legalizes Christianity |
Council of Nicea condemns Arianism |
3 |
325 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Nicea condemns Arianism |
Vaticanus manuscript (B) |
|
325-350 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Vaticanus manuscript (B) |
Athanasius of Alexandria (leader at Nicea) |
|
326-373 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Athanasius of Alexandria (leader at Nicea) |
Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
|
318-339/340 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
Eusebius of Caesarea (present at Nicea) |
Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
|
337-353-361 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
Sinaiticus manuscript |
|
340-350 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Sinaiticus manuscript |
Cyril of Jerusalem (at Council of Constant.) |
154 |
c.349-386 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cyril of Jerusalem (at Council of Constant.) |
Basil of Cappadocia |
326 |
357-378 |
W |
W |
G |
B |
W |
B |
B |
W |
- |
- |
B |
- |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
½ |
W |
W |
A |
W |
W |
- |
A |
B |
B |
- |
W |
½ |
A |
A |
- |
B |
W |
G |
Basil of Cappadocia |
Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
276 |
330-391 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
Gregory of Nyssa |
495 |
c.356-397 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
G |
W |
A |
A |
- |
½ |
A |
A |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
A |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
A |
W |
B |
- |
A |
- |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Gregory of Nyssa |
Council of Gangra |
1 1/3 |
325-381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Gangra |
Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis |
3 ½ |
341 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis |
Council of Sardica |
5 |
343/344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Council of Sardica |
Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
230 |
-367 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
G |
Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
Synod of Laodicea |
4 ½ |
343-381 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Synod of Laodicea |
Arian Valens kills Christians in east |
|
370 A.D. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arian Valens kills Christians in east |
First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3 ¾ |
381 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
446 ¼ |
370-390 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
Q |
W |
W |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
B |
W |
Q |
W |
Q |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
W |
A |
Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
Sozomon’s Ecclesiastical History |
89 |
370/380-425 |
|
|
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
Sozomon’s Ecclesiastical History |
Rufinus, translator and historian |
88 |
374-406 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rufinus |
Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) |
~500 |
373-420 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) |
Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W) |
|
300-450 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W) |
Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies |
|
c.383, 385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies |
Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose) |
~4500 |
c.385-430 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
¼ |
W |
W |
G |
- |
A |
W |
A |
A |
W |
A |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose) |
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
116 ½ |
363-420 |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
- |
A |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
39 |
393-419 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
- |
W |
W |
W |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
I |
Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
Council of Constantinople under Nectarius |
1 |
394 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Constantinople under Nectarius |
John Chrysostom (rebuked royal family) |
~3000 |
-407 |
W |
W |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W |
W |
|
W |
|
|
W |
W |
|
W |
W |
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W |
John Chrysostom (rebuked royal family) |
Patrick of Ireland |
|
420-461 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick of Ireland |
John Cassian (father of Semi-Pelagianism) |
~400 |
c.399-430 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
|
W |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Cassian (father of Semi-Pelagianism) |
Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History |
178 |
~400-439 |
W |
W |
W |
A |
- |
A |
|
- |
- |
- |
A |
- |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
B |
Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History |
Augustine refutes Pelagian Heresy |
|
410-429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Augustine refutes Pelagian heresy |
Leo I of Rome |
|
422-461 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leo I of Rome |
Theodoret of Cyprus (bishop & historian) |
320 |
423-458 |
W |
W |
G |
W |
W |
G |
B |
¼ |
A |
- |
W |
- |
½ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
B |
- |
W |
W |
W |
Q |
W |
W |
- |
B |
½ |
W |
- |
W |
W |
- |
B |
- |
- |
W |
B |
Theodoret of Cyprus (bishop & historian) |
Prosper of Aquitaine (Augustinian) |
|
429-465 |
N |
O |
T |
|
D |
O |
N |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prosper of Aquitaine (Augustinian) |
Ephraemi Rescriptus [C] |
|
375 or400-450 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Ephraemi Rescriptus [C] |
Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200b) |
20 |
431 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200b) |
Vincent of Lerins |
26 |
c.434 |
W |
W |
A |
A |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
g |
g |
g |
g |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
W |
Q |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Vincent of Lerins |
Alexandrinus manuscript (A) |
|
c.450 |
- |
- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Alexandrinus manuscript (A) |
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites |
18 |
451 |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites |
Council of Constantinople II condemns Nestorius & Origen & their admirers |
13 |
553 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Council of Constantinople II condemns Nestorius & Origen & their admirers |
Judaism |
|
c.400 B.C.- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Judaism |
Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches |
- |
c.1000-1526 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches |
Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
|
1454-1531 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer |
Martin Luther |
|
1483-1546 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Martin Luther |
Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian |
|
19th century |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
½ |
Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian |
Hussites, Conservative Protestant, Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, Coptic churches |
- |
c.1000- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
Conservative Protestant, Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, Coptic |
Writer |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
OT |
Law |
Gn |
Ex |
Lv |
Nm |
Dt |
Josh |
Jdg |
Ru |
1Sam |
2Sam |
1Ki |
2Ki |
1Chr |
2Chr |
Ezr |
Neh |
Esth |
Job |
Ps |
Pr |
Ec |
SofS |
Isa |
Jer |
Lam |
Eze |
Dan |
12 |
Hos |
Joel |
Am |
Ob |
Jon |
Mic |
Nah |
Hab |
Zeh |
Hag |
Zech |
Mal |
Writer |
Since there has been interest in the books of the Bible due to the book and movie, The Da Vinci Code, it might in of interest to know what books early church fathers referred to.
“Let no day pass by without reading some portion of the Sacred Scriptures, at such convenient hour as offers, and giving some space to meditation. And never cast off the habit of reading in the Holy Scriptures; for nothing feeds the soul and enriches the mind so well as those sacred studies do.” Letter of Theonas (c.300 A.D.), Bishop of Alexandria, to Lucianus, the Chief Chamberlain ch.9 p.161
The following is evidence of how many books early writers referenced.
The Apology of Aristides p.275 “Moses their Lawgiver”
The Synod of Laodicea 343-181 A.D. canon 59 p.158 mentions the Old and New Testaments
Gregory of Nyssa Old Testament Against Eunomius book 11 ch.5 p.238
Commodianus “In the law, the Lord of heaven and mentions the people before Moses without the law in The Instructions of Commodianus ch.2 p.203
Commodianus alludes to Proverbs 23:11 and 15:1 in The Instructions of Commodianus ch.72 p.217
Archelaus Old Testament. Disputation with Manes ch.42 p.217
Gregory Thaumaturgus quotes part of 1 Samuel 18:1 as Scritpure. Oration and Panegyric Addressed to Origen ch.6 p.28
Gregory Thaumaturgus quotes Deuteronomy 22:26,27 as in Deuteronomy. Canonical Epistle Canon 1 p.18.
Gregory Thaumaturgus alludes to Joshua 7 in Canonical Epistle Canon 3 p.19.
Gregory Thaumaturgus alludes to Joshua 7 in Canonical Epistle Canon 3 p.19.
Dionysius of Alexandria quotes part of Genesis 1:13 in From the Books on Nature fragment 2 p.85
Dionysius of Alexandria alludes to Exodus 12:30 in Epistle 12 to the Alexandrians p.108.
Quotes Dt 19:14 in Epistle 7 to Philemon, a Presbyter p.102
Dionysius of Alexandria alludes to 1 Kings 4:32 in Exegetical Fragment 1 p.111
Dionysius of Alexandria quotes part of Job 14:1 as scripture. From the Books on Nature fragment 3 p.86.
Dionysius of Alexandrian quotes Psalm 31:5 as by David in Exegetical Fragment 2 p.112
Ps 104:23 From the Books on Nature fragment 3 p.87
Prov 8:30 quote Epistle to Dionysius Bishop of Rome Book 1 fragment 4
Dionysius of Alexandria quotes half of Proverbs10:7 in Exegetical Fragment 2 p.113
Ecc.16:26,27 From the Books on Nature fragment 3 p.87
Dionysius of Alexandria says that Isaiah 66:3,4 and Isaiah 43:9 are by Isaiah in Epistle 11 to Hermammon p.107.
Augustine mentions the Old Testament in The City of God book 17 ch.5 p.345 and book 17 ch.7 p.347. Also Commentary on Psalms 405,521, 531, 681
Augustine mentions the Law in The City of God book 20 ch.28 p.447 and Reply to Faustus the Manichaean book 22 ch.6 p.274
Augustine an entire commentary on Genesis and a commentary on Exodus.
Augustine alludes to Leviticus 23 as by Moses Reply to Faustus the Manichaean book 32 ch.3 p.333
Augustine alludes to Numbers 9:10-12 as “Moses, indeed, is accused by the voice of God” Reply to Faustus the Manichaean book 16 ch.16 p.225
Augustine quotes ¼ of Numbers 21:7 as scripture in Enchiridion ch.33 vol.3 p.252
Augustine refers to Deuteronomy 21:23 as written by Moses in Reply to Faustus the Manichaean book 14 ch.1 p.207.
Augustine says “The Lord says, “and refers to Judges 6:1 in :Letter 46 ch.18 p.291
Augustine refers to Judges 3:30 as scripture in The City of God book 17 ch.14 p.352
Augustine mentions Joshua in The City of God book 18 ch.12 p.366
Augustine quotes 2 Samuel 7:14,15 as from the Book of Samuel in The City of God book 17 ch.9 p.349
Augustine mentions Esther in Esther 14:16 in On the Psalms. Psalm 52 p.197
Augustine refers to 2 Samuel as scripture in Commentary on Psalms p.412
Augustine says 1 Chronicles 12:17,18 is from Chronicles in Letter 75 ch.1 p.334
Augustine alludes to 2 Chronicles in Letter 75 p.333
Augustine refers to Job 34:30 as “written in the book of Job”. Nature of Good, Against the Manichaeans ch.32 vol.4 p.358
Augustine wrote a whole Commentary on Psalms.
Augustine refers to Proverbs as Scripture in Commentary on Psalms p.412
Augustine quotes Proverbs 1:11-15 as Proverbs in The City of God book 17 ch.20 p.357
Augustine mentions Ecclesiastes in The City of God book 17 ch.5 p.345 and book 17 ch.20 p.358
Augustine quotes form Song of Songs as in Song of Songs in The City of God book 17 ch.20 p.358
Augustine mentions Isaiah in Commentary on Psalms, Psalm 150 p.681 and Psalm 147 p.480
Augustine quotes Lamentations 4:20 as by Jeremiah in The City of God book 18 ch.33 p.379
Augustine mentions Isaiah and the twelve prophets in The City of God book 17 ch.29 p.376
Augustine mentions Hosea in The City of God book 17 ch.28 p.375
Augustine mentions Micah in The City of God book 17 ch.30 p.376
Augustine mentions Amos, Micah, Hosea, Joel in The City of God book 18 ch.27 p.375
Augustine mentions the prophet Jonah in The City of God book 18 ch.44 p.387
Augustine mentions Obadiah, Nahum, Habakkuk in The City of God book 17 ch.31 p.377
Augustine mentions Jeremiah in The City of God book 17 ch.33 p.379, and Zephaniah and Jeremiah in The City of God book 18 ch.34 p.380
Augustine mentions Daniel and Ezekiel in The City of God book 17 ch.34 p.380
Augustine mentions Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi in The City of God book 17 ch.35 p.380
Augustine mentions Haggai and Zechariah in Commentary on Psalms, Psalm 148 p.676.
Augustine mentions Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi in The City of God book 18 ch.36 p.382
From the Books on Nature fragment 2 p.86 quotes from the Alexandrian exemplar of the Septuagint for Psalm 139:16.
Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (Historian)
363-420 A.D. 116 ½ pages
Prophets Life of St. Martin ch.9 p.5
Law History book 2 ch.19 p.107
Genesis History book 1 chl19 p.80
Sulpicius summarizes the entire book of Genesis in his History book 1 starting with chapter 2 p.71
Exodus 20:14 as Exodus in History book 1 ch.13 p.77
Leviticus as Leviticus in History book 1 ch.20 p.80
Joshua allusion in History book 1 ch.22-23 p.81-82
Judges as Judges in History book 1 ch.24 p.85
1 Samuel and Kings in History book 1 ch.24 p.86
2 Samuel as Kings in History book 1 ch.46 p.93
1 Kings as the Third Book of Kings in History book 1 ch.40 p.90
1 Chronicles as Chronicles in History book 1 ch.7 p.73 and History book 1 ch.46 p.93
Ezra as Ezra in History book 2 ch.10 p.101-102
Nehemiah as Nehemiah in History book 2 ch.11 p.102
Esther as Esther in History book 2 ch.12-13 p.102-103
Psalms 8:3 as Psalms in the Life of St. Martin ch.9 p.8
Isaiah as Isaiah in History book 1 ch.47 p.93 and History book 1 ch.50 p.95
Jeremiah as Jeremiah in History book 1 ch.54 p.96
Ezekiel as Ezekiel in History book 2 ch.3 p.98
Daniel as Daniel in History book 2 ch.1-2 p.97
Jonah as Jonah in History book 1 ch.48 p.94