Nicea to Ephesus Teaching on the Bible Dec. 2022 version

The Bible

 

Legend for Cells

B1. Study or obey God's Word as an authority

B11. Veil on many when read Moses/OT 2 Cor 3:14

W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching

B2. Old Testament is our authority Mk12:24-25;Ac 3:22

B12. We can understand scripture

I = Implied this is true or opposite is false

B3. The Old Test. prophesied about Jesus Lk 24:44

B13. Acknowledge Bible text variants/copyist errors

N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed

B4. Jesus superseded some Old Testament laws

B14. We are to believe scripture

M = Mixed: some agree, others would not

B5. New Testament is our authority'''' 2 Pet 3:15-16

B15. Unbelievers don't understand OT/scripture

P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible

B6. Some parts of the Bible are allegorical Ezek 17:1

B16. Dual meaning of some prophecies

B7. Old Test. has types of Christ. Rom 5.14; 1 Cor 10:4

B17. Don't twist/corrupt meaning of scripture.2Pet3:16

- = no reference found (so far)

B8. Melchizedek was type of Christ Gn14:18;Hb7:1-17

B18. The Law was excellent or good. Rom 7:12-13,16

X = Disagree

B9. Joshua was a type of Christ

B19. Scripture is called the word of God Psalm 33:4,6

blank = not researched yet

B10. The prophets were until John. Mt 11:13; Lk 16:16

B20. Scripture is holy/sacred Isa 20:22; Rom 1:2; Rev3:7

Writer totals include W's & I's but not P's

Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Catholics persecute, brown=other Christians persecute

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

B12

B13

B14

B15

B16

B17

B18

B19

B20

Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops)

3

May-Jun 325

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Estimated 1,800 Christian bishops in the world

325

20 in Britain, 200+ in Italy, 3+ in Russia, 1+ in Turkmenistan, 20+ from the Caspian Sea to Bahrain,122+ Egypt per World Christian Trends; AD 30 – AD 2200 p.114-115.

Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians

315,325-381

Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed.

Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs

325

In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera.

Private Creed of Arius (for Constantine to restore him)

0.1

328

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Juvencus (wrote a commentary: The Gospels)

 31

329

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen)

< 0.25

323-337

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea)

c.404

318-339/340

W

W

W

W

 

W

W

W

W

 

W

 

W

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

Marcellus of Ancyra (said Trinity not forever)

 17

c.336 & 340

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops)

3.5

summer 341

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

Asterius the Sophist (Arian)

 

-c.341

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mild Arian Creed of Antioch

1

c.341/344

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline)

5

343/344

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations

67.25

337-345

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Macrostich Creed (very detailed)

2

344/345

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans.

26

346/348

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Poem on the Passion of the Lord

1

315-350

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity 1 & 2

5' + 5

3rd century

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet)

3.5

>350?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15. (6,979 verses)

325-350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sinaiticus (Aleph) Almost all of NT ' of OT

340-350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p86 Mt 5; p88 Mk 2; p89 Heb 6

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p120 Jn 1; p123 1 Cor 14-15

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p8, p10, p71 (29, 6, 4 verses)

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

058, 0169, 0185, 0188, 0242

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vercelli (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amon of Adrianople (martyr)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apostolic Canons

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus (Disputation with Manes)

58.75

4th century. 262-278

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

I

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus

0.5

4th century

-

-

W

-

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mani & Manichaean writings (Augustine left this) Manes/Mani's father was an Elchasaite.

5+17+

c.278-c.500

-

X

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean)

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed)

1 '

351

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julius I of Rome. Said Marcellus was Trinitarian

9

339-352

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism)

 

340-348/353

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Heraclea

 

c.330-355

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise

Athanasius against all councils after Nicea

'

355

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4h Council of Sirmium

357

Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son

Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops)

0.2

357/358

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Emesa

 

c.359

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian

 

c.325-360

King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen

Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (supporter of Athanasius, anti-Origenist)

 

c.333/360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal

 

c.350-360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem

325-361

Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree.

Arian Roman Emperor Constantius

337-353-361

Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding.

Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace

'

356-361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Life of Antony (perhaps by Athanasius)

26.5

356-362

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Arian Candidus' Two Letters to Marius

c.4

359-362

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marius's Reply to Candidus (partial)

c.8

359-362

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia

 

late 4th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion

361-363

Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east.

Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza

361-363

Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians.

Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem)

 

366

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours)

226.5

355-367/368

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

Theodore of Tabennesi

 

died 368

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae

 

350-370

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue)

0.25

ca.360-370

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east

370

Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism.

Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless)

370-1231

Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus.

Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians)

 

c.345-370/371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanasius of Alexandria (partial)

412

325-373

W

W

W

I

I

W

W

I

W

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

W

Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine)

 

364-375

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths

369-376

After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians.

Titus of Bostra. Dead purified after death (like purgatory). wrote 4 books against Manichees

 

before 378

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial)

161.25

350-378

 

 

W

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius

354-365

Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius.

Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop

366-378

Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed.

Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople

342-379

Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I.

Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa

 

c.327-379

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial)

326

357-378/379

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Antioch under Gregory Nyssa

 

378/379

Against both those who worshipped Mary and those who denied the perpetual virginity of Mary, mother of God

Zeno of Verona (90 sermons)

 

362-380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sapor II persecutes Christians in Persia

380

Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed

Apostolic Constitutions

 

c.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna

 

c.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity

 

ca.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Filastrius Against All Heresies

 

ca.380

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed)

4.5

343-381

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Gangra -vs. Eustastius of Sabaste

1 1/3

345-381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore)

 

381

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Council of Constantinople -150 bishops

3.75

381-382

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Rome under Damasus I

 

382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian)

c.8

360-c.383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bachiarius Libellis de Fide

 

ca.383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ambrosiaster

 

c.384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies

 

c.387

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacob of Nisibis

 

305-385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Elvira, Spain

 

359-385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macedonian and Priscillian heresies

c.383, 385

Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D.

Priscillian, denied the Trinity

 

385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem)

142

c.349-386

W

W

W

-

W

-

W

I

W

-

W

-

-

I

-

-

I

-

-

W

Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed

2

c.386-389/384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vision of Paul (Augustine said forged)

15.25

c.388

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel

388

At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq

Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism)

446.25

370-390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tyconius of Africa, On the Apocalypse (Donatist)

 

370-380/390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue

379-390

Emperor Theodosius order the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him.

Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul)

 

died 390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcian

 

390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.)

275

330-391

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria

391

With emperor's blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images

Pacian of Barcelona (against Novatianists)

c.19

342-379/392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

Fortunatus

 

392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Phoebadius of Agen (wrote against Arians)

 

after 392

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diodore (taught Chrysostom & Theodore)

 

c.360-390/394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius

1

394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being.

 

342-395

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians)

379-395

Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions.

Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist)

495

c.356-397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philastrius of Brescia (disputed with heretics)

 

381-397

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians)

 

398

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia)

 

361-c.399,370

Orthodox beliefs except wouldn't accept back repentant Arian/semi-Arian clergy

Evagrius Ponticus (Origenist monk)

 

c.381-399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Siricius (first to be called Pope in Rome)

 

c.384-399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epitaph of Pectorius

0.125

100-400

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum)

c.189

320/350-400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Doctrine of Addai

 

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Council of Toledo, Spain

 

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p85 Rev 9-10, p82 Lk 7

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p19 Mt 10-11

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p50 Acts 8,10; p51 Gal 1 (13, 15 verses)

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p117 2 Cor 7; p122 Jn 21

400

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p57 Acts4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses)

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p135 Gal 3:21-22,28-29; 4:31-5:6; 5:10-15

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14:17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fastidus (Britain)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hyperechius (Mt, etc.)

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Timothy of Alexandria

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximinus

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximus of Turin

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petilian/Petilianus, Donatist bishop

 

4/5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nonnus (Gospel of John paraphrase)

 

early 5th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies)

 

360-403

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria

391-403

Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom.

Acts of Andrew

5

-403-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts of Andrew and Matthias

8 '

-403

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians)

 

c.345-398/404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flavian of Antioch

 

404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prudentius, poet of Tarraconensis, Spain

 

before 405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Innocent I of Rome

 

ca.405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist)

88

374-406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

P

 

Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 sermons)

 

after 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian

after 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theotimos

 

407

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Chrysostom (partial)

~3000

-407

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

W

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

W

W

W

W

W

Chromatius of Aquileia

 

407

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Severian of Gabala/Jableh (Chrysostom's foe)

150+

398-408

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asterius of Amasea

 

c.410

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Nestorian Synod (Seleucia-Ctesiphon)

410

Called by bishop Mar Isaac. Affirmed the Nicene Creed. Said the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon on par with Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, & Rome.

Violent persecution of and by Donatist sects

411

Augustine protested the harshness of Emperor Honorius' persecution.

Theophilus of Alexandria

 

412

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Niceta of Remesianus, Dacia (Serbia)

c.63

366-c.415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian)

c.20

414-418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pelagius tried at the Council of Lydda, 25 miles NW Jerusalem. 415 A.D. (People are born neutral.)

 

416-418

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter from Paula & Eustochium to Jerome

 

before 419

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greek Neoplatonist mathematician and astronomer Hypatia of Alexandria killed by Christian mob

c.415/419

She was murdered while Cyril of Alexandria was the bishop. The Christian historian Socrates condemned this.

Council of Carthage (218 bishops)

39

393-419

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mazdeans persecute Christians in Persia

419

 

Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin)

116 '

363-420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial)

~500

373-420

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

Palladius' Lausiac History (short recension)

 

419-420

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

Life of Aphou

1 '

420?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Nestorian Synod (Synod of Yahallaha I)

420

 

Bishop Celestine closes all Novatianist churches in Rome

after 420

Christian historian Socrates condemns this. Closed in Alexandria but still open in Constantinople

2nd Council of Vaison, France (10 canons)

 

422

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3rd Nestorian Synod (Markabta of Tayyaye)

424

Synod of Dadyeshu

Sozomen's Ecclesiastical History

89

370/380-425

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod at Constantinople against Massalians

 

426

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian)

 

392-423/429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macarius/Symeon (Mt, etc.)

 

392-423/429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petronius of Verona, Italy

 

c.412-429

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Augustine of Hippo (Ambrose's pupil) (partial)

~4500

388-8/28/430

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene)

 

414,397-430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Cassian (Origenist, father of Semi-Pelagianism)

422 '

419-430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

Nilus of Ancyra & Sinai, friend of Chrysostom, against Messalians

 

died c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Polychronius

 

c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcus of Eremita

 

after 430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paulinus of Nola, Italy. Ex-senator who introduced bells in worship.

 

431

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Totals

 

 

5+

4+

5+

3+

3+

3+

7+

5+

2+

1+

3+

2+

1+

2+

0+

1+

3+

4+

3+

9+

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

B12

B13

B14

B15

B16

B17

B18

B19

B20

Council of Ephesus (200 bishops) against Pelagius & all who were not against Nestorius

20

Jun-Sep 431

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Philip of Side (Sidetus), Pamphylia (historian)

 

405-after 431

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Celestine of Rome to the Council of Ephesus

1 '

431-432

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The Didascalia (refers to Nestorians)

70

after 432

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paul of Emesa

 

after 432

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philostorgius, extreme Arian historian

 

425-433

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vincent of Lerins A Commonitory

26

c.434

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters)

 

c.435

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acacius of Beroea

 

c.430-c.436

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Socrates of Constantin. Ecclesiastical History

178

c.400-439

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

1st Council of Orange (17 bishops)

 

Nov 8, 441

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 1 Pet)

442-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Arles

 

443

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Alexandria (foe of Diodore)

 

444

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arsenius of Anachoreta

 

445

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore of Ancyra

 

445

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proclus of Constantinople

 

446

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sechnall of Ireland. Hymn to St. Patrick

 

439-447/448

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Persian king Yazdegerd II persecutes Christians

448

Massacres Christians in Kirkuk, modern-day Iraq

Valerian of Cimiez (for Hilary of A. vs. Leo I)

 

c.422-449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Council of Ephesus (Robbers' Council)

 

449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flavian of Constantinople

 

449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Armenian Synod of Artisat

 

449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eucherius/Eucharius of Lyons (friend of John Cassian)

 

c.434-ca.449

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Persians attack Armenians and Georgians

449

Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism.

Victor of Antioch

 

425-450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only)

179

c.433-c.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Possidus of Calama

 

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marius Mercator (Latin)

 

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agroecius bishop of Sen, Gaul

 

c.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p14 1 Cor 10:3; p93 Jn 13

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p127 Acts 10:32-35,40-45;11:2-5;11:30-12:3,5,7-9;15:29-30,34-41;16:1-4, 3-40,17:1-10

450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps in Jn,Rm,2Cor)

c.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ephraemi Rescriptus (C) (=04)

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Gospels & Acts)

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

T

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Curetonian Old Syriac (Syr C) (Mt, etc.)

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

048, 062, 068, 069, 0163, 0165, 0172, 0175, 0182

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0201, 0216, 0217, 0218, 0227, 0238, 0240, 0254, 0261, 0274, 0301

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Besa the Copt (Monophysite)

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyprian of Gaul Gen-Jdg poetic paraphrase

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julianus Pomerius

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oecumenius of Isauria

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Severus

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speculum

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Salvian the presbyter from Marseilles On the Government of God

 

440-450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections

 

ca.450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hesychius of Jerusalem

 

after 450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites (4th)

18

451

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

ex-patriarch Nestorius Bazaar of Heracleides

c.128

451/452

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quodvultdeus (friend of Augustine)

 

453

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

de Promissionibus

 

453

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julian of Eclanum, Italy (Pelagian)

 

c.454

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian)

318

423-458

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia

420-460

After Bishop Abdas burned a Zoro. temple, many Christian churches burned.

Isaac of Antioch (Monoph. or Orthodox?)

 

451-460

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arnobius the Younger of Gaul

 

c.460

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish)

15

420-461

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila)

204

440-461

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) -partial

c.12

426-465

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shenoute (friend of Cyril of Alexandria)

 

c.450-466

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hidatius/Igacius of Gallaecia (Portugal)

 

c.401-c.469

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sharahb'il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians

c.472

Christian missionary Azqir among those killed.

Diadochus of Photice/Photiki

 

c.400-474

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moses of Chorene History of Armenia

5 '

474

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Encyclical of Emperor Basilius (anti-Chalcedon)

 

475

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gelasius of Cyzicus, Hist. of the Council of Nicea

 

475

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acts of Barnabas

3

before 478

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Varimadum (in Latin)

 

445/480

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henotikon of Zeno

 

482

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What has been called the Athanasian Creed

1

447/484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorian Council of Jundish

 

484

Nestorian Council honors Pelagian Theodore of Mopsuestia

Vigilius of Africa and Thrace

 

after 484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arians persecute Christians in Algeria

484

Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria

Romans shut down Nestorian school in Edessa

489

Roman Emperor Zeno closes Nestorian school; Nestorians flee to Persia

Victor of Vita, Africa (historian)

 

after 489

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Armenian Moses of Chorene/Khorenatsi

 

c.461-c.490

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men

41

480-495

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Gelasius of Rome

 

died 496

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Local Synod of Constantinople

 

499

Condemns Diodore as Nestorian

Life of Abercius

 

300-500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liber Chroniconum (includes Commentary on Origen's Hexameron)

 

375-500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p105 Mt 27-28 (2 verses)

500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p54, p56, p94, p105, 071, 072, 076, 088, 0170, 0186/0224, 0213, 0241

5th/6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Faustus of Riez

 

490/500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andreas Caesariensis (historian)

 

c.500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Gregory Thaumaturgus (Monophysite)

 

-c.500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eugenius of Carthage (quotes 1 Jn 5:7)

 

c.505

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Armenian Apostolic Church 1st Council of Dvin 20 bishops, 14 laymen, and various rulers

 

506

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philoxenian Syriac

507/508

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monophysite Synod of Tyre rejects Chalcedon

513-514/515

 

Ruricus/Ruricius I of Limoges

 

ca.485-c.510

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Niciota, patriarch of Alexandria

 

505-516

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Timothy, patriarch of Constantinop le

 

511-517

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roman pope excommunicates Acacius/east churches

484-518

 

Ennodius of Pavia, Italy

 

514-521

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial)

9

519-521

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philoxenus of Mabbug (Monophysite)

 

c.498-523

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arians persecute Christians in North Africa

499-523

Visigoth Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage & N. Africa until he died

Avitus of Vienne (against Arians)

 

523

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dhu Nuwas (=Yusuf As'ar) kills Christians in Yemen

523-524

Converted Jewish king killed about 20,000 Christians, since Byzantines persecuted Jews

Barsanuphius the Egyptian, of Palestine

 

c.525

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boethius

 

-ca.524/526

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Council of Toledo, Spain

 

527

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

 

c.485-c.528

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Council of Orange vs. semi-Pelagianism

 

529

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3rd Council of Vaison, France (5 canons)

 

529

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Procopius of Gaza

 

c.465-530

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Boniface II Letter to Caesarius of Arles

 

530-532

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fulgentius of Ruspe, Tunisia (partial)

185

507-532/533

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sermon of Fastidiosus the Arian

1.5

c.523

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter of Victor to Fulgentius on Fastidiosus

1.3

523-533

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eugippus of Naples

 

533

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schism among Nestorians

531-537

 

Severus of Antioch (Monophysite)

 

c.491-538

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict

 

ca.480-540

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caesarius of Arles, pupil of Julianus

 

469/470-542

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Choricius of Gaza (pupil of Procopius)

 

c.518-c.543

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ferrancus deacon of Carthage

 

c.546/547

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6th Nestorian Synod affirms Chalcedon

531-537

Synod of Mar Aba I

Persians persecute Nestorians

540-545

 

Julian of Halicarnassus starts the Phantasiastes sect

527-549

Phantasiastes split from Monophysites, saying Christ's body was incorruptible

3rd Council of Toledo, Spain

 

589

Visigoth king renounces Arianism, and all accept Chalcedonian Creed

Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian

 

593

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mark the Hermit of Tarsus

 

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Codex Claromontanus (Dp)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p33/p58

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

E (Acts)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

H (=013/015)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N (=022)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wolfenbuttel (P) (=024)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dublin (Z) (=035)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Xi (=040)

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p2, p11/p14, p36, p76, p83, p84, p96, p124, 060, 066

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

067, 070, 073, 078, 079, 082, 085, 086, 087, 091, 094

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0143, 0147, 0169, 0184, 0187, 0198, 0208, 0222, 0223, 0225

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0237, 0260, 0266, 0282, 0285/081, 0292, 0293, 0296

6th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leontius of Jerusalem

 

543/550

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apringius of Beja, Portugal, Comm. on Rev.

 

after 551

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Primasius Comm. on the Apocalypse

 

after 552

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) re-condemns Nestorius, Pelagianism, Origen & admirers

13

May 553

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

I

-

-

-

-

-

Vigilius' letter to Constantinople II Council

2

553

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7th Persian Synod

554

Creates metropolitans for Merv and Rewardashir

Armenian Apostolic Church 2nd Council of Dvin. Rejected Chalcedon

 

554

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paschasius of Dumiun/Dumin

 

555

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Romanos the Melodist

 

556

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril of Scythopolis, Palestine (monk)

 

543-558/559

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Victor of Tunis

 

after 566

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gildas the Wise of Rhuys (England & Ireland )

 

c.570

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Facundus of Hermiane, north Africa

 

after 571

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts

527-568, 572

Copts are Monophysites, teaching Jesus' humanity & divinity are only one nature

Martin of Braga, Spain

c.13

550-577

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

M. Aurelius Cassiodorus Comm. on Ps, Rev

 

-560/c.580

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews

589-591

The Magi martyr Golinduch and other Persian Christians

Jews persecuted in France

554,561,582

Jews were forced to convert or be expelled

Monophy. John of Ephesus (tortured pagans)

 

c.507-c.586

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Columba of Iona, Scotland (poetry in Latin)

 

ca.597

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorian Council called by Mar Babai

 

597/599

Allowed priests and bishops to be married, as Mar Babai was.

p26

ca.600

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p43, p44, p116, 083, 0194

6/7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leander of Seville, Spain. brother of Isidore

c.24

579-600/601

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial)

239 '

590-605

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eulogius of Alexandria

 

607

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Venantius Fortunatus' Poem on Easter

1 '

ca.530-609

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Armenian Apostolic Church 3rd Council of Dvin

 

609-610

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Visigoths in Spain

612/613

Jews forced either to convert to Arianism or be enslaved

Persians kill thousands of Christians in Jerusalem

614

After the Persians captured Jerusalem they killed many of the Christians. Jews, who were not allowed in Jerusalem, killed many Christians too.

Antiochus Mar Saba

 

614

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harclean Syriac (Harklensis) (SyrH)

616

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Synod of Seville, Spain

 

618/619

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew

15

600-625

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Rheims (in northern France)

 

c.625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gospel of the Nativity of Mary

3 '

after 625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Babai "the Great", Nestorian historian. Expelled married monks. Wrote On the Union

 

c.600-628

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jews persecuted in Constantinople and France

628

Jews forced to convert in Constantinople & France

Alcison of Nicopolis

 

early 6th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4th Council of Toledo, Spain

 

Dec. 633

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

B12

B13

B14

B15

B16

B17

B18

B19

B20

Muslim conquests against non-Muslims

634-

Muslims invaded from Syria to France, and from Persia to India

Isidore of Seville, scholar Etymologiae

 

601-636

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5th Council of Toledo, Spain

 

636

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monothelite-leaning Pope Honorius of Rome

625-638

Anathematized as a heretic by 3rd Council of Constantinople in 680

6th Council of Toledo, Spain (53 bishops)

 

Jan, 638

Against Jews. Excommunicate Traitors; bishops abroad against emperor penitents until death

Sahdone/Sahdona (=Martyrius) (On Psalms)

 

c.635-640

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chronicle of Alexandria

 

640

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7th Council of Toledo, Spain (41 bishops)

 

Nov, 646

Same as 5th Council. Against Jews

Andreas

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pseudo-Athanasius

 

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constantine of Mananalis, started Paulicans

mid 7th cent.

Also called Euchites, they were ascetic, vegetarian Gnostics

Lateran Council condemns monothelitism (150 bishops)

 

649

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syriac Peshita (SyrP)

600/650

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p31, p34, 096, 097, 098, 099, 0102, 0106/0119, 0107, 0108, 0109, 0111, 0145, 0167, 0183, 0204, 0209, 0210, 0239, 0262, 0275

7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0303

7th century?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Braulio of Saragossa Life of St. Aemilianus

 

631-651

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maximus Confessor of Constantinople Chalcedonian

 

c.638-658

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Climacus (John of the Ladder)

 

before 670

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Monothelites, orthodox/monophysite compromise

 

633-680

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Agatho to the 3rd Council of Constant.

6.5

Nov 15, 680

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3rd council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical)

8

680-681

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Nikiu: Copt historian. Islam was God's punishment against Chalcedonians

 

c.680-690

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quinisext Council (=Council in Trullo)

 

692

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arian Visigoths persecute Jews in Spain

623-693

Jews were killed, forced to convert, or expelled from Toledo & Spain

Isaac of Nineveh (=the Syrian) (Nestorian) ascetic wrote on the inner life

 

c.700/7th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p43, 0277, 0281, 0291

7/8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0289

7/8th century?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Avenging of the Savior (Legend of Veronica)

4

7/8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius of Antioch

 

700

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Buddhist Empress Wu Zetian persecutes Nestorians

698-705

Burned Nestorian churches and monasteries in China

Judaism outlawed in Constantinople

722

Judaism illegal in the capital

Roman Pope Gregory III (defender of icons)

 

 

Condemns iconoclasm and supports icons

Bede the Venerable, English historian. Finished translating John on his deathbed in 735.

 

731-735

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andrew of Crete, hymn writer. He was the first to claim Luke draw a secret picture of Jesus.

 

712-726/740

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius Abba

 

740

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fabricius

 

740-742

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leontius of Neapolis Life of Symeon

 

mid 7th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John of Damascus (defender of icons & relics)

 

706-749

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Hieria (300+ bishops against icons)

 

754

"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, and contradicted the six holy synods

L(e)

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

p42, 095, 0101, 0126, 0127, 0146, 0148, 0161, 0229, 0234, 0238

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John the Elder of Mt. Qardu, N. Iraq (monk)

 

8th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Hiereia (=Council of Constantinople V) (333 bishops against icons)

 

754

"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, & contradicted the six holy synods"

Uighurs convert from Nestorianism to Manichaeism

762

In central Asia/western China, Uighurs abandon Nestorian Christian roots.

Lateran Synod

 

769

Catholic synod condemns the Council of Hieria

2nd Council of Nicea (7th ecumenical)

 

787

Both Catholics and Orthodox condemn Adoptionism, and the Council of Hieria

Georgius Syncellus Chronicle

 

790

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beatus

 

798

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0279, 0298

8/9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alcuin of York (scholar under Charlemagne)

 

782-804

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore Abu Qurrah, an Arabian Chalcedonian who debated Monophysites

 

813-820/825

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore the Studite/Stoudite (Orthodox, icons)

 

759-826

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Georgius Monachus (Hamartolos) chronicler against iconoclasts

 

after 842

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nestorians persecuted in China

845

This is prior to the Mongol invasion

Council of Mainz

848

Condemned Gottschalk for double predestination. Imprisoned him for 20 years

Amalarius of Metz (= of Symphosius) liturgist

 

c.780-850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rabanus Maurus of Mainz, Bible commentator

 

c.776-856

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Photian Schism under Photius patriarch of Constantinople

 

857

Constantinople and Rome divide over Roman Pope supreme and adding the Holy Spirit sent "and the Son" after "by the Father"

False Decretals, probably by Isidore Mercator. Know to be fake by 1100 A.D. (100 letters)

 

847-859

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Paschasius Radbertus

 

786-865

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gottschalk of Orbais (against Rabanus Maurus)

 

840-866

Taught double predestination before Calvinists. Imprisoned for 20 years, where he became mentally deranged.

Paschasius Ratremus of Corbie On the Eucharist

 

744-868

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Scotus Eirugena (Irish-born), Neo-Platonist theologian who succeeded Alcuin under Charlemagne. Believed in pre-existence of souls

 

c.848-c.877

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Byzantine Lectionaries

9th century-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Apocalypse of the Holy Mother of God Concerning Chastisements

5 '

9th century?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sedulius Scotus (Suadbar) of Ireland. Bible commentator, logician, 90 poems

 

9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pseudo-Zephyrinus of Rome. Two Letters

 

9th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Malela Chronicles

 

c.850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anastasius Bibliothecarius (librarian)

 

858-878

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Photius I (the Great) of Constantinople

 

c.858-891

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cadaver Synod condemns Pope Formosus

Jan. 897

Roman Pope Stephen (VI) VII convicts dead Roman Pope Formosus.

Regino of Prum Chronicon (Chronicler)

 

892-915

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moses Bar Kepha

 

died 903

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arethas of Caesarea, commentary on Revelation

 

early 10th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Suidas

 

980

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews

1004-1012

Fatimid Caliph Hakim terrorizes pilgrims & desecrates Jerusalem in 1009

Symeon the New Theologian

 

979-1022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Burchard of Worms, wrote a canon law

 

c.1000-1025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antoninus Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences

 

11th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Great Schism of the Catholic & Orthodox churches

1054

After Orthodox closed all Catholic Churches in their lands, the two sides met, and excommunicated each other. Both sides repealed this in 1964.

Cedranus Compendium of History

 

1060

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theophylact

 

1080

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Berengar of Tours (against transubstantiation)

 

1050-1088

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Over 12,000 Jews killed in Germany

1096

During the 1st Crusade, Jews said to be worst enemies after Muslims

Apocalypse of Sedrach

5 '

900-1100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glycus Annals

 

1120

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Zonaras

 

1120

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Alfonsi. Shield of the Trinity diagram

 

fl.1120

Born a Jew in Muslim Spain, he became an apologist against Judaism and Islam

Jews expelled from Flanders (Belgium)

1121

Jews told they had to repent of killing Christ

Eadmer of Canterbury, disciple of Anselm. champion of the immaculate conception

 

died c.1123-1126

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rupert of Deutz (=Rupert Tuitiensis) Benedictine

 

1080-1129

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hildebert de Lavardin of Tours

 

d.1133 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For 2nd Crusade, French monk Rudolph says to kill all Jews

1146-1148

Jews are protected by Emperor Conrad & the monk Bernard of Clairvaux

Gerhoh of Reichersberg

 

1119-1169

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gotfridus Viterbiensis

 

1170

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hildegard of Bingen, mystic, Gospel commentator

 

1142-1174

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Petrus Comestor, Bible historian

 

c.1148-c.1178

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Philip expels all Jews from France

1181-1188

Philip recalls the Jews back 7 years later

Coronation of Richard the Lion-hearted in England

1189

Many Jews killed, houses burned, crown confiscated over 8 million marks

Cretian of Troyes created Holy Grail story

 

1190

At one point 18 churches at the same time had the relic of the Holy Grail.

Theodore Balsamon of Antioch (commented on Peter of Alex.)

 

1183-1195

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael, Patriarch of the Syrian Orthodox church

 

1166-1199

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constantine Stilbes

 

1150-1200

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Radulfus Ardens, wrote Universal Mirror

 

died c.1200

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Joachim of Fiore, mystic

 

1174-1201

Condemned by Aquinas for postulation Age of the Father, Age of the Son, and Age of the Holy Spirit.

Adam of Dryburgh, wrote many sermons

 

c.1184-c.1212

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4th Lateran Council

1215

Issues restrictions against the Jews

Serapion of Vladimir (near Kiev) 5 Sermons

 

c.1240-1245

Mongol invasion was God's punishment for people's sins

Testament of Abraham (present form of long version)

8 '

13th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nine Crusades

1189-1272

To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money

Thomas Aquinas - Aristotelian theologian

 

1248-1274

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Council of Lyons

 

1274

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jacobus de Voraigne of Genoa

 

1275

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Albert Magnus of Cologne, Germany

 

1245-1280

Aristotelian theologian. Also wrote on science, astrology, law. Preached the 8th crusade. He influenced Thomas Aquinas.

Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. alphabetical summary of Church fathers. Opposed Aristotelianism,

 

1272-1279

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Pecham, Archibishop of Canterbury, Opposed Aristotelianism; debated Aquinas twice

 

1279-1292

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pope Boniface VII Clericis Laicos

 

1296

Excommunicates clergy who pay secular taxes. and English King Edward outlaws priests in England

Boniface VII's papal bull Unam Sanctam.

 

1302

French king Philip captures and tortures Pope Boniface VII for heresy. Others free him, but he dies a month later. The next pope, Benedict XI, dies mysteriously after a month. His successor, Pope Clement V, is France's puppet.

Roger Marston, pupil of John Pecham

 

-c.1303

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Duns Scotus, pupil of Roger Marston. Com-mentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

 

1300-1308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

King Philip the Fair expels Jews from France

1306

100,000 Jews banished

Over 5,000 Jews burned in Guienne, France

1321

Accused of having wells poisoned

Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro. Commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences

 

c.1300-1342

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marsiglio of Padua. Italian scholar and doctor who argued against the Pope's supremacy

 

1320-1342

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts)

 

-c.1347

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Barlaam of Seminara ' against Hesychasm

 

1323-1348

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Over 11,000 Jews burned to death in Germany

1348

Jews blamed for the Black Plague

Thomas Bradwardine, mathematician, astronomer, archbishop of Canterbury

 

1321-1349

Wrote against Pelagianism. Thought stars had an influence on people's character.

Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer)

 

1335-1359

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nicephorus Callistus Ecclesiastical History

 

c.1360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macarius Chrysocephalus of Constantinople

 

1300-1382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Florence

 

1439

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts

-

c.500-c.1500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim Qur'an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections)

 

c.609-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some moderate Muslims

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Waldo & the Waldenses in It., Fr., Sp.

 

1175-1532

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

James of Viterbo

 

died 1308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela

1310

 

Muslims massacre Christians in Almaliq

1339

 

Richard FitzRalph of Armagh - dominion doctrine

 

1328-1360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England

 

1367-1382

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop.

1360-1405

Slaughtered Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians

Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad

1401

Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians

The Bible in English is illegal in England

1408

Illegal to translate or read the Bible in English without the bishop's consent

Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia

 

1404-7/6/1415

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Western Schism of dueling Catholic popes

1378-1417

Popes in both Rome and Avignon, France, ended by the Council of Constance

Pope Martin V issues papal bull

Mar 17, 1420

Crusade to exterminate followers of Wycliffe, Huss, & other heretics

Hussite Wars

1419-1434

After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia

Hadmannus Schedelius Chronicle

 

1450

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trithenius, Abbot of Scripture

 

c.1480

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians

1498

Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11

B12

B13

B14

B15

B16

B17

B18

B19

B20

Martin Luther nails 95 Theses to Wittenberg church door

 

Oct 31, 1517

 

English king persecutes the Lollards

1413-1532

Not too many executed

Crusade against the Waldenses

1487-1545-

Pope Innocent VIII orders a crusade to exterminate the Waldenses

Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer, & Zwinglians

 

1454-1531

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (opponent of Luther)

 

1494-1534

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (Catholic Bible scholar)

 

1469-1536

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans

 

1483-1546

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Swiss Anabaptist

 

1521-1527-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Luther preaches to kill Jews & Anabaptists

1537-1546

Luther changed his view on killing Anabaptists in his last sermon.

Council of the 100 Chapters (Stoglav) Moscow (Orthodox, icons)

 

1551

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael Servetus (Son created at conception)

 

1531-1553

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calvinists persecute Anabaptists

1527-1810

Switzerland repealed persecution laws against Anabaptists in 1810.

Menno Simons, peaceful German Anabaptist

 

1536-1561

W

W

W

W

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roman Catholic Council of Trent

 

1545-1563

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Calvin, a founder of Reformed theology

 

1536-1564

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 23, 1572

French Catholics treacherously kill 5-30K French Huguenots

Jesus Luis de Molina (Molinists teach prevenient grace)

 

1588-1600

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unitarians (later because Unitarian Universalists)

1600-

Denied the deity of Christ and the virgin birth

Jacobus Arminius

 

1588-1605

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dutch Reformed Synod of Dort

 

1618

Developed the five points of Calvinism (TULIP) against the five points of Arminius

Cardinal Robert Bellarmine. Against Galileo. later made a saint and doctor of the church.

 

1567-1621

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

David Blondel, Protestant reformer

 

1628

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyril Lucar (Loukaris) Greek orthodox patriarch follows Protestant reformers

 

1629

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ottomans devise the Devsirme system

1383-1638

Required each Christian family to give up one son to be a Muslim Janissary

Westminster Shorter Catechism

 

1646-1647

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thirty Years War Catholics vs. Lutherans/France

1618-1648

About 1/4 of Germans perished. Many Protestants and Catholics killed.

Bogomils, Manichaean/Gnostic

970-1650

Originating from Paulicans, they spread from Greece to France.

James Ussher, Protestant archbishop of Ireland

 

1581-1656

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Polish Catholics kill Orthodox

-1656

 

Lelio Sozzini & Socinianism (became Unitarians later)

1550-1658

Denied the deity of Christ, and later the virgin birth

Blaise Pascal, Jensenist (a Calvinist Catholic)

 

1654-1662

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Great Council of Moscow (Orthodox, icons)

 

1666-1667

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Jerusalem

 

1672

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Francois Combefis (Dominican monk historian)

 

1640-1679

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Richard Baxter. Puritan who believed in universal atonement and the importance of faith in getting saved

 

1641-1691

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jakob Ammann & the Amish (no modernity)

 

1693-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benjamin Keach. English Particular Baptist, hymn writer. Wrote 43 works

 

1658-1704

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Early covenant theologians: Heinrich Bullinger, Caspar Alerianus, Johannes Oecolampadius, Zacharius Ursinus, Robbert Rollock, Herman Witsius

 

1536-1708

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

George Bull. Anglican priest who wrote on the Trinity and justification

 

1655-1710

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isaac Chauncy, Neonomian and medical doctor

 

1660-1712

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isaac Newton (denied the Trinity, liked Arians)

 

1642-1727

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of the Russian Church (Orthodox, icons)

 

1722

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benedictine Antoin Calmet

 

1707-1742

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Archbishop Hugh Boulter of Ireland

1724-1742

Forbade Catholic lawyers, judges, voters. During famine brought food to Ulster

Isaac Watts, theologian and logician. 750 hymns

 

1690-1748

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

George Whitfield (Great Awakening preacher)

 

1714-1770

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emmanuel Swedenborg (Last Judgment in 1757, Oneness)

 

1744-1770

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian August Crusius

 

1744-1775

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Synod of Constantinople (Orthodox, icons)

 

1776

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christianity spreads in Korea, then is wiped out

1785

 

John Wesley, Arminian, Methodism's founder

 

1738-1791

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Robert Morrison translates Bible into Chinese

 

1807

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spanish Inquisition

1478-1834

Tortured & executed Jews, Muslims, Protestants, & even many Catholics

Medieval Inquisition in France & Europe

1184-mid 19th century

Tortured & executed Anabaptists, Protestants, & a few Catholics

Gr. Orthodox: Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain Pedalion (The Rudder)

 

1775-1809

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Richard Allen & the African Methodic Episcopal Church

 

1816

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Calvinistic Methodists

 

1823

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Primitive Baptists (reformed, believer's baptism, no mission societies, ~110K members)

 

1827-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Heretic Friedrich Schliermacher

 

1830

God is within humanity, not above it.

Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)

 

1830-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

William Carey, started Baptist Missionary Society

 

1761-1834

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Rippon, hymnist

 

1771-1836

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kurds massacre 10,000 Nestorians

1846

 

Pope Pius IX of Rome restores Jewish restrictions

1846-1848

All previous restrictions on Jews enforced in the Vatican

Christadelphians deny the Trinity, and H.S. Satan as beings

 

1849-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Babis

 

1844-1850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Azalis & Baha'is

 

1850 & 1863-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod split from LCMS. They believe the papacy is the antichrist. ~300K members.

 

1850-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tokugawa Shoguns persecute Christians in Japan

1629-1856

Those who refused to trample pictures of Jesus or Mary tortured & killed. Many thousands killed

Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar

1828-1861

Killed half of the people of Madagascar (2.5 million), especially Christians

Ellen G. White & Seventh Day Adventists

 

1863-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

St. Ignaty Brianchaninov (Orthodox, icons)

 

1807-1867

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The First Vatican Council in Roman Catholicism

 

1870

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insider Movement to Hindus (founded by Kali Chan Banurji)

 

1870-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jehovah's Witnesses (Watchtower)

 

1872-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charles Finney (Arminian revivalist)

 

1825-1875

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Salvation Army founded by William Booth, and his wife Catherine Munford

 

1878-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian

 

19th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mary Baker Eddy & Christian Science

 

1875/1879-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julius Mueller. Protestant theologian, pre-existence of souls

 

1839-1878

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charles Spurgeon. almost 3,600 sermons

49 vols.

1854-1892

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Fundamentals of Protestant fundamentalism

 

1895

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Turks kill 300,000 Armenians

1895

Armenians tried to be independent like the Balkans, so Turks killed most of them

Unity Church (Charles Fillmore a founder)

 

1899-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pentecostal Movement, Assemblies of God stared in Topeka, Kansas

 

1900

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oneness Pentecostalism (denies the Trinity)

 

1914-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Karl Barth

 

1919

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roman Catholic Cardinal James Gibbons

 

1868-1921

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communist persecutions

1922-

Persecution of Christians and others, from the USSR to the Khmer Rouge

Cam Townsend and the Wycliffe Bible translators

 

1934-

Thousands of translations. After 2010, some translations, like Turkish and Arabic, take out the word "Father" and "son"

Jews intermittently expelled or attacked

1009-1939

Jews attacked by mobs, pogroms, or expelled in Europe & North Africa

Rudolf Bultmann "demythologizing the Bible"

 

1941

 

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran

 

-1945

Plotted to kill Hitler, and denied the physical resurrection of Christ

Gustavo Guitierrez & Liberation Theology

 

1950's-1971-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rev. Moon's Divine Principle (Unification Church)

508

1954-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L. Ron Hubbard and the Church of Scientology

 

1954-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2nd Vatican Council

 

1962

Accepts Protestants as "separated brethren"

Paul Tillich Liberal Lutheran "God is love"

 

1951-1963

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Word Mission Society Church of God (=Church of Ahnsahnghong, =Elohists)

 

1964-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Henry Emerson Fosdick (liberal preacher against inerrancy)

 

1878-1969

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insider (C5) Movement to Muslims (Qur'an & Mohammed from God too, rejects the Trinity)

 

1970's-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chrislam, syncretistic religion in Nigeria

 

1970's-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Church Universal & Triumphant / Elizabeth Claire Prophet (New Age)

 

1975-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

William Barclay -skeptical that Jesus was God, not affirm the physical resurrection

 

1907-1978

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hebrew Roots Movement

 

1994-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charles Hartshorne, process theologian, Ontological argument

 

wrote 1923-1995

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Buddhist persecution in Myanmar/Burma

2000-

Buddhist government persecutes both Christians and Muslims

Henry Morris, Institute for Creation Research

 

1918-2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hindus persecute Christians Orissa province India

Aug 2008-

300+ churches burned, 400+ killed after Maoists kill Hindu Swami Laxmananand

Hans Kung, liberal Roman Catholic theologian

 

1954-2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

70 million Christians martyred

35-July 2014

according to David B. Barrett of World Christian Encyclopedia

Conservative Protestant: Norm Geisler, Chuck Swindoll, J.I. Packer, J. Vernon Magee, R.C. Sproul, Antioch Community Church (600 million)

-

c.1500-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modern Eastern Orthodox (200 million)

 

1672-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modern Roman Catholic (1.29 billion)

 

1962-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Messianic Jews

 

1960's-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

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www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingOnTheBibleGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatNiceaToEphesusChristiansTaughtOnDoctrine.html