Nicea to Ephesus Teaching on the Work of God in the O.T. Grid – April 2024 version
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Legend for Cells |
Wo1. God’s appearances in the O.T. Gen 18 |
Wo11. Manna |
W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching |
Wo2. Earth is God’s footstool. Isa66:1;Mt5:35;Acts 7:49 |
Wo12. The Ark [of the Covenant] Ex 25:1-22 |
I = Implied this is true or opposite is false |
Wo3. God sends rain on everyone Mt 5:45;Acts 4:17b |
Wo13. Bronze/brazen serpent in the wilderness |
N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed |
Wo4.The burning bush of Moses Ex 3; Acts 7:30 |
Wo14. Hezekiah and the Assyrian army 2Ki19;Isa36-7 |
M = Mixed: some agree, others would not |
Wo5. Plagues of Egypt Ex 7-12 |
Wo15. Elisha did miracles 2 Kings 4:42-44 |
P = partial ex: Irenaeus: Gnostics wrong to say Savior not killed since impassible |
Wo6. The firstborn of Egypt perished |
Wo16. Christ with the 3 youths in Daniel Dan 3:16-18 |
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Wo7. Cloud and/or pillar of fire |
Wo17. Daniel in the lion’s den |
- = no reference found (so far) |
Wo8. The crossing of the Red Sea Ex 14-15 |
Wo18. Joshua [Jesus son of Nun] crossed the Jordan |
X = Disagree |
Wo9. Water from the rock |
Wo19. Joshua’s long day [sun stood still] |
blank = not researched yet |
Wo10. Moses and the Amalekites Ex 17:8-15 |
Wo20. Moses’ face shown [with glory] |
Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s |
Rows: blue=Bible manuscript, white=Christian writer, khaki=spurious, green=heresy, orange=schism, pink=strange writer, yellow=foreign missions, red=Christians persecuted, purple=Roman Catholics persecuting, brown=Christians persecuting
Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
Wo1 |
Wo2 |
Wo3 |
Wo4 |
Wo5 |
Wo6 |
Wo7 |
Wo8 |
Wo9 |
Wo10 |
Wo11 |
Wo12 |
Wo13 |
Wo14 |
Wo15 |
Wo16 |
Wo17 |
Wo18 |
Wo19 |
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Council of Nicea I vs. Arians (c.318 bishops) |
3 |
May-Jun 325 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Estimated 1,800 Christian bishops in the world |
325 |
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Persian king Shapur II persecutes Christians |
315,325-381 |
Persian Christians double-taxed after Constantine became a Christian. Violent persecution after 325. In Mesopotamia alone 1,150 Christians killed. |
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Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs |
325 |
In retaliation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill everyone in al-Hera. |
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Private Creed of Arius (for Constantine to restore him) |
0.1 |
328 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Juvencus (wrote a commentary: The Gospels) |
31 |
329 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Arian Council of Tyre to condemn Athanasius |
335 |
Marcellus of Ancyra wrote strongly against this |
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Eustathius of Berrhoea, then Antioch (against Origen & Eusebius of Nicomedia) |
< 0.25 |
323-337 |
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Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea) |
240 |
318-339/340 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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P |
W |
- |
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Marcellus of Ancyra (said Trinity not forever) |
17 |
c.336 & 340 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops) |
3.5 |
summer 341 |
- |
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- |
- |
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Asterius the Sophist (Arian) |
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-c.341 |
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Mild Arian Creed of Antioch |
1 |
c.341/344 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline) |
5 |
343/344 |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations |
67.25 |
337-345 |
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- |
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W |
W |
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W |
W |
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W |
W |
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I |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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The Macrostich Creed (very detailed) |
2 |
344/345 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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Firmicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions. God rewards persecuting pagans. |
26 |
346/348 |
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A Poem on the Passion of the Lord |
1 |
315-350 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
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- |
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- |
- |
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Mandaean writings (said Jesus a false prophet) |
3.5 |
>350? |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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Crosby-Schøyen (Sahidic Coptic) All of 1 Peter, Jonah. 2 Macc 5:27-7:41; Melito of Sardis On Pascha 47-105, a homily |
250-350 |
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Vaticanus (B) Most OT, all NT to Heb 9:15, no 1, 2 Tim, Tt, Phm, Rev. (6,979 verses) Every other NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Mk 7:16; 9:44,46; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 17:36; 22:43-44; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:6; 28:29; Rom 16:24; 1 Pet 5:3 |
325-350 |
W |
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W |
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Sinaiticus (Aleph) ½ of OT. Every NT verse except: Mt 12:47; 16:2b-3; 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; 24:35; Mk 1:33; 7:16; 9:44,46; 10:36; 11:26; 15:28; 16:9-20; Lk 10:32; 17:36; Jn 5:4; 7:53-8:11; 16:15; 19:20; 20:5b-6; 21:25; Acts 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; Rom 16:24 |
340-350 |
W |
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W |
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p25 Mt 18:32-34; 19:1-3,5-7,9f (8.5 verses) |
350 |
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p62 Mt 11:25-30 (6 verses) |
350 |
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p86 Mt5:13-16,22-25; p88 Mk2:1-26; p89 Heb6:7-9,15-17 |
350 |
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p120 Jn 1; p123 1 Cor 14-15 |
350 |
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p126 Heb 13:12-13:19-20 |
350 |
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p6 (Greek) Jn 10:1-2,4-7, 9-10; 11:1-8,45-52; (Akhminic Coptic) Jn 10:1-12,20; 13:1-2,11-12; Jms 1:13-5:20 (242 verses) |
4th century |
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p8 Act 4:41-37;5:2-9;6:6,8-15 p10 Rom 1:1-7 p71 Mt 19:10f;17f |
4th century |
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058, 0169, 0185, 0188, 0242 |
4th century |
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Vercelli (Latin a) Mt 1:1-25:1; 25:13-end; Mk 1:1-21;1:35-15:14; Lk 1:1-11:11; 11:27-12:36; 13:1-end |
4th century |
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Amon |
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4th century |
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Apostolic Canons (=Apostolical Canons) |
6 |
4th century |
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Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns |
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4th century |
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Faustus of Milevis/Milevum (Manichaean) |
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4th century |
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Hegemonius of Sirmium Acts of Archelaus (Disputation with Manes) |
58.75 |
4th century |
- |
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W |
W |
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W |
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Philo of Carpasia, Cyprus |
0.5 |
4th century |
- |
- |
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History of Joseph the Carpenter |
6.5 |
4th century |
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Book of Mary’s Repose (extant in Ethiopic) |
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4th century |
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Six Books Dormition Narrative |
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4th century |
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pseudo-Justin Martyr. (anonymous) Hortatory Address to the Greeks, Sole Government of God |
20.5 |
200-351-? |
- |
- |
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1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed) |
1.5 |
351 |
- |
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Julius I of Rome. said Marcellus was Trinitarian |
9 |
339-352 |
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Ammonas (Origenist, a founder of monasticism) |
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340-348/353 |
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Theodore of Heraclea |
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c.330-355 |
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Council of Arminum, Nicene/Arian compromise Athanasius against all councils after Nicea |
0.5 |
355 |
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4th Council of Sirmium |
357 |
Father neither the same nor similar substance as the Son, but greater than the Son |
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Synod of Seleucia in Isauria (160 bishops) |
0.2 |
357/358 |
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King Ezana of Aksum becomes a Christian |
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c.325-360 |
King of Ethiopia, Sudan, and parts of Egypt and Yemen |
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Eusebius of Emesa/Amasea. On the Sufferings and Death of our Lord |
3.5 |
c.359/360 |
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W |
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Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis (supporter of Athanasius and anti-Origenist) |
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c.333/360 |
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Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal |
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c.350-360 |
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Jews forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem |
325-361 |
Constantine forbids Jews to be in Jerusalem. Julian later rescinds this decree. |
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Arian Roman Emperor Constantius |
337-353-361 |
Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding. |
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Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace |
0.5 |
356-361 |
- |
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Life of Antony (perhaps by Athanasius) |
26.5 |
356-362 |
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W |
- |
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Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius |
c.4 |
359-362 |
- |
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Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial) |
c.8 |
359-362 |
- |
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Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia |
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late 4th cent. |
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Julian the Apostate again makes paganism the official Roman religion |
361-363 |
Roman emperor Julian tries to restore paganism until he dies in battle against the Persians. Valentinian becomes emperor in the west, Arian Valens in the east. |
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Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza |
361-363 |
Emperor Julian shows some toleration, yet permits persecution of Christians. |
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Arian Acacius of Caesarea (liked Eusebius of Caesarea, against Cyril of Jerusalem) |
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366 |
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Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours) |
226.5 |
355-367/368 |
W |
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W |
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W |
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Theodore of Tabennesi |
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died 368 |
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Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae |
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350-370 |
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Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue) |
0.25 |
ca.360-370 |
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Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east |
370 |
Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism. |
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Messalians (Adelphius & Alexander the Sleepless) |
370-1231 |
Nothing matters except prayer, which became their idol. Condemned at Ephesus. |
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Eusebius of Vercelli (persecuted by Arians) |
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c.345-370/371 |
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Athanasius of Alexandria (partial) |
415 |
325-373 |
W |
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I |
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W |
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W |
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W |
W |
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W |
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I |
- |
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Nag Hamadi Teachings of Silvanus |
7 |
before 375 |
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Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine) |
70.75 |
373-375 |
- |
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Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths |
369-376 |
After converting to Arianism, Athanaric persecuted Orthodox Christians. |
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Titus of Bostra |
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before 378 |
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Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial) |
161.25 |
350-378 |
- |
- |
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- |
- |
- |
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P |
- |
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I |
W |
P |
- |
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Felix II replaces banished Roman bishop Liberius |
354-365 |
Liberius banished by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius. |
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Fighting: Damasus I vs. Ursinus as Roman bishop |
366-378 |
Emperor sends in troops to stop the fighting. 137 of Ursinus' followers killed. |
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Macedonius, Pneumatomachian patriarch of Constantinople |
342-379 |
Expelled and tortured Novatianist and Orthodox Christians in Greece and the Balkans. Dug up the corpse of Constantine I. |
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Macrina, younger sister of Basil/Greg. Nyssa |
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c.327-379 |
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Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial) |
326 |
357-378/379 |
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W |
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Synod of Antioch under Gregory Nyssa |
|
378/379 |
Against both those who worshipped Mary and those who denied the perpetual virginity of Mary, mother of God |
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Zeno of Verona (90 sermons) |
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362-380 |
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Sapor II persecutes Christians in Persia |
379/380-401/2 |
Heliodorus, Dosa, Ia, and 8K-9K others killed |
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Council of Saragossa, Spain |
|
380 |
Condemned Priscillian, Salvianus, Instantius, and Helpidius (all had refused to appear) |
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Apostolic Constitutions |
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c.380 |
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Orsiesius/Orsisius of Tabenna |
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c.380 |
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Faustinus of Rome, Luciferian, On the Trinity |
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ca.380 |
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Filastrius Against All Heresies |
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ca.380 |
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Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia) (undisputed) |
4.5 |
343-381 |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Council of Gangra –vs. Eustastius of Sabaste |
1 1/3 |
345-381 |
- |
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Meletius of Antioch (taught Diodore) |
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381 |
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1st Council of Constantinople -150 bishops |
3.75 |
381-382 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Council of Rome under Damasus I |
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382 |
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Eunomius of Cyzicus (Extreme Anomean Arian) |
c.8 |
360-c.383/395 |
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Bachiarius Libellis de Fide |
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ca.383 |
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Council of Bordeaux, France |
|
384 |
Condemned the Priscillianist Instantius |
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Ambrosiaster (Latin) |
|
c.384 |
- |
- |
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W |
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P |
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W |
- |
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W |
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Genuine Acts of Peter of Alexandria |
7.75 |
after 384 |
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Jacob of Nisibis |
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305-385 |
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Gregory of Elvira, Spain |
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359-385 |
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Macedonian and Priscillian heresies |
c.383, 385 |
Macedonians denied H.S. a being. Priscillian denied Jesus God. killed 385 A.D. |
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Priscillian, denied the Trinity |
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385 |
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Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem) |
142 |
c.349-386 |
W |
W |
W |
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I |
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I |
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W |
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W |
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Damasus I of Rome against Arian Nica Creed |
2 |
c.386-389/384 |
- |
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- |
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Vision of Paul (Augustine said forged) |
15.25 |
c.388 |
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Christians burn down Valentinian Gnostic chapel |
388 |
At the Byzantine outpost of Callinicum in Iraq |
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Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism) |
446.25 |
370-390 |
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Tyconius of Africa, On the Apocalypse (Donatist) |
|
370-380/390 |
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Tyconius of Africa. The Book of Rules |
126.3 |
370-389/390 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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A bishop burns down a Jewish synagogue |
379-390 |
Emperor Theodosius orders the bishop to rebuild it. Ambrose of Milan cautions him. |
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Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul) |
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died 390 |
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Marcian |
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390 |
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Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.) |
275 |
330-391 |
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Christians burn all pagan temples in Alexandria |
391 |
With emperor’s blessing patriarch Theophilus destroys all pagan temples and images |
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Pacian of Barcelona (against Novatianists) |
c.19 |
342-379/392 |
- |
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Fortunatus |
|
392 |
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Phoebadius |
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after 392 |
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Diodore (taught Chrysostom & Theodore) |
|
c.360-390/394 |
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W |
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Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius |
1 |
394 |
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Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) deny the Holy Spirit is a distinct being. |
|
342-395 |
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Emperor Theodosius I persecutes Jews, Arians, & Macedonians (=Pneumatomachians) |
379-395 |
Allowed the burning of synagogues. Jews could no longer serve in official positions. |
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Ausonius |
|
395 |
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Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist) |
495 |
c.356-397 |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Peter of Sebaste |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
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Filastrius/Philastrius of Brescia Catalog of Heresies |
|
c.384/381-397 |
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Julius Hilarian |
|
ca.397 |
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Ninian takes the gospel to the Picts |
|
397 |
The Picts lived in northern and eastern Scotland. |
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Didymus the blind (Origenist, against Pneumatomachians) |
|
398 |
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W |
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Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia) |
|
361-c.399,370 |
Orthodox beliefs except wouldn’t accept back repentant Arian/semi-Arian clergy |
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Evagrius Ponticus (Origenist monk) |
|
c.381-399 |
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Siricius was the first to be called Pope in Rome |
|
c.384-399 |
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Epitaph of Pectorius |
0.125 |
100-400 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
||
Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum) |
c.189 |
320/350-400 |
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P |
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W |
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Syriac Doctrine of Addai |
|
390-400 |
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An estimated 10 million Christians |
By 400 A.D. |
According to the Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.4 p.126 |
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1st Council of Toledo, Spain |
|
400 |
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p85 Rev 9-10, p82 Lk 7 |
400 |
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p19 Mt 10-11 |
400 |
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p50 Acts 8:26-32; 10:26-31 (13 verses) |
400 |
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p51 Gal 1:2-10 (9 verses) |
400 |
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p117 2 Cor 7; p122 Jn 21 |
400 |
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p21 Mt 12:24-26,32f (8 verses) |
4/5th century |
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p57 Acts4:36-5:2; 5:8-10 (7 verses) |
4/5th century |
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p135 Gal 3:21-22,28-29; 4:31-5:6; 5:10-15 |
4/5th century |
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Freer Gospels (W) (original) Mt 1-28; Mk 1:1-5:16:20; Lk 1:1-24:53; Jn 5:12-14:25;16:8-21:25 |
4/5th century |
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Codex Bobiensis (Latin k) Mt 1:1-3:10; 4:1-14:17; 15:20-36; Mk 8:8-11,14-16; 8:19-16:8 |
4/5th century |
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Fastidus (Britain) |
|
4/5th century |
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Hyperechius (Mt, etc.) |
|
4/5th century |
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Timothy of Alexandria |
|
4/5th century |
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Maximinus |
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4/5th century |
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Maximus of Turin |
|
4/5th century |
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Petilian/Petilianus, Donatist bishop |
|
4/5th century |
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Monarchian Prologues (Spanish Priscillianist) |
|
4/5th century |
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Nonnus (Gospel of John paraphrase) |
|
early 5th cent. |
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Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies) |
|
360-403 |
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Coptic saint Theophilus of Alexandria |
391-403 |
Persecuted pagans and anti-Origenist monks. The Orthodox remember martyrdoms of 10,000 monks due to him. Presided at the Synod of the Oak against Chrysostom. |
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Acts of Andrew |
5 |
-403 |
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Acts of Andrew and Matthias |
8 ¾ |
-403 |
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Amphilochius of Iconium (against Pneumatomachians) |
|
c.345-398/404 |
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Flavian of Antioch |
|
404 |
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Prudentius, poet of Tarraconensis, Spain |
|
before 405 |
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Pope Innocent I of Rome |
|
ca.405 |
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Rufinus, translator and historian (Origenist) |
88 |
374-406 |
W |
|
W |
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Gaudentius of Brescia (Donatist, 21 sermons) |
|
after 406 |
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Mesrop Mashtotz translates the Bible into Armenian |
after 406 |
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Theotimos |
|
407 |
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John Chrysostom (partial) |
~3000 |
-407 |
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P |
W |
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W |
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W |
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P |
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W |
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Chromatius of Aquileia |
|
407 |
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Severian of Gabala/Jableh (Chrysostom's foe) |
150+ |
398-408 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
||
Asterius of Amasea |
|
c.410 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
W |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
||
1st Nestorian Synod (Seleucia-Ctesiphon) |
|
410 |
Called by bishop Mar Isaac. Affirmed the Nicene Creed. Said the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon on par with Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, & Rome. |
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Violent persecution of and by Donatist sects |
411 |
Augustine protested the harshness of Emperor Honorius’ persecution. |
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Theophilus of Alexandria |
|
412 |
|
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Niceta of Remesianus, Dacia (Serbia) |
c.63 |
366-c.415 |
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Council of Milevum. 59 Numidian bishops against Pelagianism) |
|
416 |
|
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|
||
Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian) |
c.20 |
414-418 |
|
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Pelagius (people are born neutral) |
|
416-418 |
|
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Letter from Paula & Eustochium to Jerome |
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before 419 |
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Council of Carthage (218 bishops) |
39 |
393-419 |
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Greek Neoplatonist mathematician and astronomer Hypatia of Alexandria killed by Christian mob |
c.415/419 |
She was murdered while Cyril of Alexandria was the bishop. The Christian historian Socrates condemned this. |
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Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin) |
116 ½ |
363-420 |
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Jerome of Stridon (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial, NPNF only) |
~500 |
373-420 |
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W |
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W |
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W |
W |
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I |
W |
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X |
W |
W |
W |
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Palladius’ Lausiac History (short recension) |
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419-420 |
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Mazdeans persecute Christians in Persia |
419-420 |
Under Persian emperor Vararanes |
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2nd Nestorian Synod (Synod of Yahallaha I) |
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420 |
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Life of Aphou |
1 ½ |
420? |
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2nd Council of Vaison, France (10 canons) |
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422 |
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Fifth Synod at Carthage |
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424 |
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3rd Nestorian Synod (Markabta of Tayyaye) |
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424 |
Synod of Dadyeshu. Bishops appointed for Heart and Samarkand. |
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Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History |
89 |
370/380-425 |
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Synod at Constantinople against Massalians |
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426 |
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Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian) |
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392-423/429 |
- |
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I |
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Macarius/Symeon (Mt, etc.) |
|
392-423/429 |
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Petronius of Verona, Italy |
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c.412-429 |
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W |
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Augustine of Hippo (Ambrose’s pupil) (partial) |
~4500 |
388-8/28/430 |
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W |
W |
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W |
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W |
W |
W |
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W |
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W |
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W |
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W |
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Synesius of Ptolemais (Cyrene) |
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414,397-430 |
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John Cassian (Origenist, father of Semi-Pelagianism) |
422 ½ |
419-430 |
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Nilus of Ancyra & Sinai, friend of Chrysostom, against Messalians |
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died c.430 |
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Polychronius |
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c.430 |
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Marcus of Eremita |
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after 430 |
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Paulinus of Nola |
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431 |
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Council of Ephesus (200 bishops) against Pelagius & all who were not against Nestorius |
20 |
Jun-Sep 431 |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Totals |
>12672 |
325-431 A.D. |
4+ |
2+ |
4+ |
5+ |
8+ |
2+ |
2+ |
8+ |
1+ |
6+ |
8+ |
1+ |
2+ |
5+ |
3+ |
5+ |
4+ |
3+ |
4+ |
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Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
Wo1 |
Wo2 |
Wo3 |
Wo4 |
Wo5 |
Wo6 |
Wo7 |
Wo8 |
Wo9 |
Wo10 |
Wo11 |
Wo12 |
Wo13 |
Wo14 |
Wo15 |
Wo16 |
Wo17 |
Wo18 |
Wo19 |
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Philip of Side (Sidetus), Pamphylia (historian) |
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405-after 431 |
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Celestine of Rome to the Council of Ephesus |
1 ¾ |
431-432 |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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The Didascalia (refers to Nestorians) |
70 |
after 432 |
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W |
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Paul of Emesa |
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after 432 |
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Philostorgius, extreme Arian historian |
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425-433 |
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Vincent of Lerins A Commonitory |
26 |
c.434 |
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- |
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Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters) |
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c.435 |
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Acacius of Beroea |
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c.430-c.436 |
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Socrates of Constantin. Ecclesiastical History |
178 |
c.400-439 |
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Gospel of Nicodemus 1st Greek form |
10 |
405-439 |
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1st Council of Orange (17 bishops) |
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Nov 8, 441 |
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Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 1 Pet) |
442- |
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Synod of Arles |
|
443 |
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Cyril of Alexandria (foe of Diodore) |
|
444 |
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Arsenius of Anachoreta |
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445 |
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Theodore of Ancyra |
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445 |
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Proclus of Constantinople |
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446 |
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Sechnall of Ireland. Hymn to St. Patrick |
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439-447/448 |
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Persian king Yazdegerd II persecutes Christians |
448 |
Massacres Christians in Kirkuk, modern-day Iraq |
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Valerian of Cimiez (for Hilary of A. vs. Leo I) |
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c.422-449 |
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2nd Council of Ephesus (Robbers' Council) |
|
449 |
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Flavian of Constantinople |
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449 |
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Armenian Synod of Artisat |
|
449 |
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Eucherius/Eucharius of Lyons (friend of John Cassian) |
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c.434-ca.449 |
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Persians attack Armenians and Georgians |
449 |
Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism. |
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Victor of Antioch |
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425-450 |
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Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only) |
179 |
c.433-c.450 |
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Possidus of Calama |
|
450 |
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Marius Mercator (Latin) |
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450 |
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Agroecius bishop of Sen, Gaul |
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c.450 |
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p14 1 Cor 10:3; p93 Jn 13 |
450 |
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p127 Acts 10:32-35,40-45;11:2-5;11:30-12:3,5,7-9;15:29-30,34-41;16:1-4, 3-40,17:1-10 |
450 |
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Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps in Jn,Rm,2Cor) |
c.450 |
W |
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Ephraemi Rescriptus (C) (=04) |
5th century |
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Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Gospels & Acts) |
5th century |
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I |
5th century |
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Q |
5th century |
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T |
5th century |
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Curetonian Old Syriac (Syr C) (Mt 1:1-8:22; 10:32-23:25; Mk 16:17-20; Lk 2:48-3:16; 7:33-15:21; 17:24-24:44; Jn 1:1-42; 3:6-7:37; 14:10-29) |
5th century |
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048, 062, 068, 069, 0163, 0165, 0172, 0175, 0182 |
5th century |
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0201, 0216, 0217, 0218, 0227, 0238 |
5th century |
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0240, 0254, 0261, 0274, 0301 |
5th century |
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Codex Sarravianus (Septuagint Greek Torah) |
5th century |
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Gospel of Mary |
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5th century |
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Besa the Copt (Monophysite) |
|
5th century |
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Cyprian of Gaul Gen-Jdg poetic paraphrase |
|
5th century |
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Julianus Pomerius |
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5th century |
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Oecumenius of Isauria |
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5th century |
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Severus |
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5th century |
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Speculum |
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5th century |
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Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections |
|
ca.450 |
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Salvian the presbyter from Marseilles On the Government of God |
|
440-450 |
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Hesychius of Jerusalem |
|
after 450 |
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Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites (4th) |
18 |
451 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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ex-patriarch Nestorius Bazaar of Heracleides |
c.128 |
451/452 |
- |
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Nestorius 2 Letters to Pope Celestine |
|
431 |
- |
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- |
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- |
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Quodvultdeus (friend of Augustine) |
|
453 |
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- |
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de Promissionibus |
|
453 |
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Julian of Eclanum, Italy (Pelagian) |
|
c.454 |
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Monophysites & Nestorians in Syria formally split |
|
457 |
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Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop & historian) |
318 |
423-458 |
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Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia |
420-460 |
After Bishop Abdas burned a Zoroastrian temple, many Christian churches burned. |
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Isaac of Antioch (Monoph. or Orthodox?) |
|
451-460 |
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Arnobius the Younger of Gaul |
|
c.460 |
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Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish) |
15 |
420-461 |
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Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila) |
204 |
440-461 |
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Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) -partial |
12 |
426-465 |
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Shenoute (friend of Cyril of Alexandria) |
|
c.450-466 |
|
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Hidatius/Igacius of Gallaecia (Portugal) |
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c.401-c.469 |
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Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians |
c.472 |
Christian missionary Azqir among those killed. |
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Diadochus of Photice/Photiki |
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c.400-474 |
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Moses of Chorene/Khorenatsi History of Armenia |
5 ½ |
474,461-491 |
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Encyclical of Emperor Basilius (anti-Chalcedon) |
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475 |
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pseudo-Melito of Sardis de Transit Virginis |
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late 5th |
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Gelasius of Cyzicus, Hist. of the Council of Nicea |
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475 |
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Acts of Barnabas |
3 |
Before 478 |
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Varimadum (in Latin) |
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445/480 |
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Henotikon of Zeno |
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482 |
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What has been called the Athanasian Creed |
1 |
447/484 |
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Nestorian Council of Jundish |
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484 |
Honors Pelagian Theodore of Mopsuestia. Disapproves of marriage of marriage. |
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Vigilius of Africa and Thrace |
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after 484 |
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Arians persecute Christians in Algeria |
484 |
Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria |
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4th Persian Council |
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486 |
Formally accepts Nestorian view of Christ and says bishops and priests can marry |
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Romans shut down Nestorian school in Edessa |
489 |
Roman Emperor Zeno closes Nestorian school; Nestorians flee to Persia |
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Victor of Vita, Africa (historian) |
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after 489 |
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Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men |
41 |
480-495 |
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Acts of Philip (condemned by Pope Gelasius) |
6 ¾ |
-496 |
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Pope Gelasius of Rome |
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died 496 |
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Nestorian Council called by Mar Babai II |
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597/599 |
Allowed priests and bishops to be married, as Mar Babai II was. |
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Local Synod of Constantinople |
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499 |
Condemns Diodore as Nestorian |
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p105 Mt 27-28 (2 verses) |
500 |
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p54, p56, p94, p105, 071, 072, 076, 088, 0170, 0186/0224 |
5th/6th century |
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0213, 0241 |
5th/6th century |
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De Obitu S. Diminae |
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5th/6th cent. |
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Faustus of Riez |
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490/500 |
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Andreas Caesariensis (historian) |
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c.500 |
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pseudo-Gregory Thaumaturgus (Monophysite) |
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c.500 |
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Mar Narsai |
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437-502 |
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Eugenius of Carthage (quotes 1 Jn 5:7) |
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-c.505 |
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Armenian Apostolic Church 1st Council of Dvin 20 bishops, 14 laymen, and various rulers |
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506 |
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Philoxenian Syriac |
507/508 |
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Monophysite Synod of Tyre rejects Chalcedon |
513-514/515 |
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Ruricus/Ruricius I of Limoges |
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ca.485-c.510 |
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John of Niciota, patriarch of Alexandria |
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505-516 |
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Timothy, patriarch of Constantinople |
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511-517 |
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Roman pope excommunicates Acacius/east churches |
484-518 |
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Ennodius of Pavia, Italy |
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514-521 |
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Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial) |
9 |
519-521 |
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Philoxenus of Mabbug (Monophysite) |
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c.498-523 |
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Arians persecute Christians in North Africa |
499-523 |
Visigoth Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage & N. Africa until he died |
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Avitus of Vienne (against Arians) |
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523 |
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Dhu Nuwas (=Yusuf As'ar) kills Christians in Yemen |
523-524 |
Converted Jewish king killed about 20,000 Christians, since Byzantines persecuted Jews |
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Barsanuphius the Egyptian, of Palestine |
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c.525 |
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Boethius |
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-ca.524/526 |
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2nd Council of Toledo, Spain |
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527 |
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Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite |
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c.485-c.528 |
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2nd Council of Orange vs. semi-Pelagianism |
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529 |
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3rd Council of Vaison, France (5 canons) |
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529 |
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Procopius of Gaza |
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c.465-530 |
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Boniface II Letter to Caesarius of Arles |
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530-532 |
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Fulgentius of Ruspe, Tunisia (partial) |
185 |
507-532/533 |
W |
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Sermon of Fastidiosus the Arian |
1.5 |
c.523 |
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Letter of Victor to Fulgentius on Fastidiosus |
1.3 |
523-533 |
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Eugippus of Naples |
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533 |
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Schism among Nestorians |
531-537 |
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Severus of Antioch (Monophysite) |
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c.491-538 |
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Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict |
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ca.480-540 |
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Caesarius of Arles, pupil of Julianus |
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469/470-542 |
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Choricius of Gaza (pupil of Procopius) |
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c.518-c.543 |
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Persian Khosro I sacks Antioch |
540 |
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6th Nestorian Synod (Mar Aba I) affirms Chalcedon |
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531-537,544 |
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Persian Khosro I persecutes Nestorians |
540-545 |
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Codex Fuldensis (Oldest Vulgate manuscript. No 1 Jn 5:7) |
546 |
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Ferrancus deacon of Carthage |
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c.546/547 |
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Julian of Halicarnassus starts the Phantasiastes sect |
527-549 |
Phantasiastes split from Monophysites, saying Christ's body was incorruptible |
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Liturgy of James (never actually said by James) |
14 |
before 550 |
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Mark the Hermit of Tarsus |
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6th century |
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Codex Claromontanus (Dp) |
6th century |
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p33/p58 |
6th century |
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E (Acts) |
6th century |
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H (=013/015) |
6th century |
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N (=022) |
6th century |
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Wolfenbuttel (P) (=024) |
6th century |
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Dublin (Z) (=035) |
6th century |
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Xi (=040) |
6th century |
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p2, p11/p14, p36, p76, p83, p84, p96, p124, 060, 066 |
6th century |
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067, 070, 073, 078, 079, 082, 085, 086, 087, 091, 094 |
6th century |
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0143, 0147, 0169, 0184, 0187 |
6th century |
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0198, 0208, 0222, 0223, 0225 |
6th century |
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0237, 0260, 0266, 0282, 0285/081, 0292, 0293, 0296 |
6th century |
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Leontius of Jerusalem/Byzantium ex-Nestorian, against Nestorians, Monophysites, Eutyches |
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543/550 |
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Apringius of Beja, Portugal, Comm. on Rev. |
|
after 551 |
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Primasius Comm. on the Apocalypse |
|
after 552 |
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Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) re-condemns Nestorius, Pelagianism, Origen & admirers |
13 |
May 553 |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council |
2 |
553 |
- |
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- |
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- |
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- |
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7th Persian Synod |
554 |
Creates metropolitans for Merv and Rewardashir |
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Armenian Apostolic Church 2nd Council of Dvin. Rejected Chalcedon |
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554 |
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Paschasius of Dumiun/Dumin |
|
555 |
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Romanos the Melodist |
|
556 |
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Cyril of Scythopolis, Palestine (monk) |
|
543-558/559 |
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8th Persian Council |
566/567 |
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Victor of Tunis |
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after 566 |
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Gildas the Wise of Rhuys (England & Ireland) |
|
c.570 |
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Henana of Nisibis Heretic against Nestorianism |
571 |
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Facundus of Hermiane, north Africa. Interpreter of Cyprian |
|
c.571 |
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Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts |
527-568, 572 |
Copts are Monophysites, teaching Jesus’ humanity & divinity are only one nature |
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Martin of Braga, Spain |
c.13 |
550-577 |
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M. Aurelius Cassiodorus Comm. on Ps, Rev |
|
-560/c.580 |
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Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews |
589-591 |
The Magi martyr Golinduch and other Persian Christians |
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Jews persecuted in France |
554,561,582 |
Jews were forced to convert or be expelled |
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9h Nestorian Persian Synod |
585 |
Condemns the teachings of Henana of Nisibis |
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Monophy. John of Ephesus (tortured pagans) |
|
c.507-c.586 |
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3rd Council of Toledo, Spain |
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589 |
Visigoth king renounces Arianism, and all accept Chalcedonian Creed |
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Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian |
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593 |
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Columba of Iona, Scotland (poetry in Latin) |
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ca.597 |
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Term “Sacrifice of the Mass” first used |
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ca.600 |
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p26 |
ca.600 |
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p43, p44, p116, 083, 0194 |
6/7th century |
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Leander of Seville, Spain. brother of Isidore |
c.24 |
579-600/601 |
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Gregory I of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial) |
239 ½ |
590-605 |
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Eulogius of Alexandria |
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607 |
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Venantius Fortunatus’ Poem on Easter |
1 ½ |
ca.530-609 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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Armenian Apostolic Church 3rd Council of Dvin |
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609-610 |
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Arian Visigoths in Spain |
612/613 |
Jews forced either to convert to Arianism or be enslaved |
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Persians kill thousands of Christians in Jerusalem |
614/615 |
After the Persians captured Jerusalem they killed many of the Christians. Jews, who were not allowed in Jerusalem, killed many Christians too. |
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Antiochus Mar Saba |
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614 |
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Harclean Syriac (Harklensis) (SyrH) |
616 |
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John Moschus. Spiritual Meadow narrates miracles and against heresies |
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578-619 |
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2nd Synod of Seville, Spain |
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618/619 |
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Ebionite Jerome the Presbyter pseudo-Matthew |
15 |
600-625 |
- |
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Council of Rheims (in northern France) |
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c.625 |
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Gospel of the Nativity of Mary |
3 ½ |
after 625 |
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Babai "the Great", Nestorian historian. Expelled married monks. Wrote On the Union |
|
c.600-628 |
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Jews persecuted in Constantinople and France |
628 |
Jews forced to convert in Constantinople & France |
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Alcison of Nicopolis |
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early 6th cent. |
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4th Council of Toledo, Spain |
|
Dec. 633 |
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Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
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Muslim conquests against non-Muslims |
634- |
Muslims invaded from Syria to France, and from Persia to India |
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Alopen brings Nestorian Christianity to China |
|
635 |
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Isidore of Seville, scholar Etymologiae |
|
601-636 |
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5th Council of Toledo, Spain |
|
636 |
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Monothelite-leaning Pope Honorius of Rome |
625-638 |
Anathematized as a heretic by 3rd Council of Constantinople in 680 |
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6th Council of Toledo, Spain (53 bishops) |
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Jan, 638 |
Against Jews. Excommunicate Traitors; bishops abroad against emperor penitents until death |
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Sahdone/Sahdona (=Martyrius) (On Psalms) |
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c.635-640 |
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Chronicle of Alexandria |
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640 |
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7th Council of Toledo, Spain (41 bishops) |
|
Nov, 646 |
Same as 5th Council. Against Jews |
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Andreas |
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7th century |
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pseudo-Athanasius |
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7th century |
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Constantine of Mananalis, started Paulicans |
mid 7th cent. |
Also called Euchites, they were ascetic, vegetarian Gnostics |
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Lateran Council condemns monothelites (150 bishops) |
|
649 |
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Syriac Peshita (SyrP) |
600/650 |
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Apocalypse of pseudo-Methodius |
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7th century |
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Modestus of Jerusalem (Mary the new Eve) |
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7th century |
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p31, p34, 096, 097, 098, 099, 0102, 0106/0119, 0107, 0108, 0109, 0111, 0145, 0167, 0183, 0204, 0209, 0210, 0239, 0262, 0275 |
7th century |
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0303 |
7th century? |
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Braulio of Saragossa Life of St. Aemilianus |
|
631-651 |
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Oecumenius (sinlessness of Mary) |
|
550-650 |
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Maximus Confessor of Constantinople Chalcedonian |
|
c.638-658 |
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Letter of Columbanus to Gregory |
|
before 664 |
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Synod of Whitby to fix the date of Easter |
|
664 |
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Ildefonsus of Toledo. The Perpetual Virginity of Mary |
|
c.650-667 |
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John Climacus (John of the Ladder) |
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before 670 |
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Monothelites, orthodox/monophysite compromise |
|
633-680 |
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Pope Agatho to the 3rd Council of Constant. |
6.5 |
Nov 15, 680 |
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3rd council of Constantinople (6th ecumenical) |
8 |
680-681 |
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Julian of Toledo. Wrote on messianic prophecies and persecuting Jews |
|
c.670-690 |
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John of Nikiu: Copt historian. Islam was God’s punishment against Chalcedonians |
|
c.680-690 |
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Quinisext Council (=Council in Trullo) |
|
692 |
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|
||
Arian Visigoths persecute Jews in Spain |
623-693 |
Jews were killed, forced to convert, or expelled from Toledo & Spain |
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John of Nikiou, Egypt (wrote against Islam) |
|
696 |
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Isaac of Nineveh (=the Syrian) (Nestorian) ascetic wrote on the inner life |
|
c.700/7th century |
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p43, 0277, 0281, 0291 |
7/8th century |
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0289 |
7/8th century? |
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The Avenging of the Savior (Legend of Veronica) |
4 |
7/8th century |
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Anastasius of Antioch (= of Sinaita) |
|
died c.700 |
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Chinese Empress Wu persecutes Christians |
698-705 |
|
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Judaism outlawed in Constantinople |
722 |
Judaism illegal in the capital |
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Roman Pope Gregory III (defender of icons) |
|
|
Condemns iconoclasm and supports icons |
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Bede the Venerable, English historian. Finished translating John on his deathbed in 735. |
|
731-735 |
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Andrew of Crete, hymn writer. He was the first to claim Luke draw a secret picture of Jesus. |
|
712-726/740 |
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Anastasius Abba |
|
740 |
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Fabricius |
|
740-742 |
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Leontius of Neapolis Life of Symeon |
|
mid 7th cent. |
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John of Damascus (defender of icons & relics) |
|
706-749 |
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Codex Amiatinus (No 1 Jn 5:7) |
700-750 |
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Hesychius, Pros Theodoulon |
|
c.750? |
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||
Council of Hieria (300+ bishops against icons) |
|
754 |
"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, and contradicted the six holy synods |
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Aduius and the Audians of Mesopotamia |
706-749 |
Epiphanius wrote against them. Accepted the Gnostic Apocryphon of John. |
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L(e) |
8th century |
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p42, 095, 0101, 0126, 0127, 0146, 0148, 0161, 0229, 0234, 0238 |
8th century |
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John the Elder of Mt. Qardu, N. Iraq (monk) |
|
8th century |
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Synod of Hiereia (=Council of Constantinople V) (333 bishops against icons) |
|
754 |
"the unlawful art of painting living creatures blasphemed the fundamental doctrine of our salvation--namely, the Incarnation of Christ, & contradicted the six holy synods” |
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Uighurs convert from Nestorianism to Manichaeism |
762 |
In central Asia/western China, Uighurs abandon Nestorian Christian roots. |
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Lateran Synod/Council |
|
769 |
Catholic synod supports icons and condemns the Council of Hieria |
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Nestorian Ta-ch'in-ching-chiao stele in Xian |
1 |
781 |
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|
||
Charlemagne kills Saxons who don’t convert |
787 |
After defeating the Saxons, Charlemagne killed 14K who would not convert |
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2nd Council of Nicea (7th ecumenical) |
|
787 |
Both Catholics and Orthodox condemn Adoptionism, and the Council of Hieria |
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Georgius Syncellus Chronicle |
|
790 |
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Beatus |
|
798 |
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0279, 0298 |
8/9th century |
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Beatus of Liebana, Spain. Commentary on the Apocalypse. Compiled words of prior Christians |
|
776-c.800 |
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Alcuin of York (scholar under Charlemagne) |
|
782-804 |
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Muslim caliph Harun al-Rashid tears down churches |
807 |
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Benedict of Aniane, France |
|
780-821 |
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Timothy I, Nestorian Patriarch. Apology for Christianity |
|
780-823 |
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Theodore Abu Qurrah, an Arabian Chalcedonian who debated Monophysites |
|
813-820/825 |
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Theodore the Studite/Stoudite (Orthodox, icons) |
|
759-826 |
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Claudius of Turin, iconoclast, all bishops equal |
|
810-827 |
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Nicephorus I of Constantinople |
|
806-828 |
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Isho Ben Nun (Nestorian) Select Questions |
|
823-828 |
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Abd al-Masih ibn Isaq al-Kindi (court official who wrote to convert a Muslim) |
|
830 |
|
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||
Synod of Langres, France |
|
830 |
|
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||
Synod of Thionville, (Diedenhofer), France |
|
835 |
|
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||
Georgius Monachus (Hamartolos) chronicler against iconoclasts |
|
after 842 |
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Buddhists, Nestorians, others persecuted in China |
845 |
Non-violent persecution. Much land was tied up by Buddhist monasteries. |
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Amulo of Lyons Against the Jews to King Charles |
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ca.847 |
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Council of Mainz |
848 |
Condemned Gottschalk for double predestination. Imprisoned him for 20 years |
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Amalarius of Metz (= of Symphosius) liturgist |
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c.780-850 |
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Muslim caliph al-Mutawakkil persecutes Christians |
849/850 |
Muslims invaded from Syria to France, and from Persia to India |
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Synod of Mayence (Mainz), Germany |
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847 |
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Kerala copper plates give details of Christians in India |
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c.850 |
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Rabanus Maurus of Mainz, Bible commentator |
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c.776-856 |
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Photian Schism under Photius patriarch of Constantinople |
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857 |
Constantinople and Rome divide over Roman Pope supreme and adding the Holy Spirit sent "and the Son" after "by the Father" |
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False Decretals, probably by Isidore Mercator. Know to be fake by 1100 A.D. (100 letters) |
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847-859 |
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Paschasius Radbertus |
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786-865 |
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Rudolf of Fulda, Hesse. Important writer |
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died 865 |
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Gottschalk of Orbais (against Rabanus Maurus) |
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840-866 |
Taught double predestination before Calvinists. Imprisoned for 20 years, where he became mentally deranged. |
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“Genuine” Acts of Peter of Alexandria |
7 ½ |
c.600-867 |
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Paschasius Ratremus of Corbie On the Eucharist |
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744-868 |
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John Scotus Eirugena (Irish-born), Neo-Platonist theologian who succeeded Alcuin under Charlemagne. Believed in pre-existence of souls |
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c.848-c.877 |
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Byzantine Lectionaries |
9th century- |
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Codex Vallicellianus (written in Tours) |
9th century |
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Codex Cavensis (has 1 Jn 5:7) |
9th century |
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Apocalypse of the Holy Mother of God Concerning Chastisements |
5 ½ |
9th century? |
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Sedulius Scotus (Suadbar) of Ireland. Bible commentator, logician, 90 poems |
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9th century |
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Pseudo-Zephyrinus of Rome. Two Letters |
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9th century |
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John Malela Chronicles |
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c.850 |
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Synod of Douzy, France |
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871 |
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Synod of Pontion, France |
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876 |
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Anastasius Bibliothecarius (librarian, historian) |
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858-878 |
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Synod of Lyons, France |
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886 |
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Photius I (the Great) of Constantinople |
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c.858-891 |
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Cadaver Synod condemns Pope Formosus |
Jan. 897 |
Roman Pope Stephen (VI) VII convicts dead Roman Pope Formosus. |
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Regino of Prum Chronicon (Chronicler) |
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892-915 |
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Moses Bar Kepha |
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died 903 |
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Jewish Aleppo Codex of the Old Testament |
c.920 |
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Arethas of Caesarea. commentaries on the Apocalypse and Marcus Aurelius' Meditations. |
|
fl.932 |
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Saadya Gaon makes the 1st Arabic translation of the Pentateuch |
892-942 |
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Suidas |
|
980 |
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Jesus Sutras of Mogao cave near Dunhuang blended Nestorian, Buddhist, and Taoist thought |
|
635-1000 A.D. |
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Jewish Leningrad Codex of the Old Testament |
c.1008 |
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Caliph Hakim persecutes Christians & Jews |
1004-1012 |
Fatimid Caliph Hakim terrorizes pilgrims & desecrates Jerusalem in 1009 |
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Symeon the New Theologian |
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979-1022 |
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Burchard of Worms, wrote a canon law |
|
c.1000-1025 |
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Antoninus Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences |
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11th century |
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Great Schism of the Catholic & Orthodox churches |
1054 |
After Orthodox closed all Catholic Churches in their lands, the two sides met, and excommunicated each other. Both sides repealed this in 1964. |
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Cedranus Compendium of History |
|
1060 |
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Theophylact |
|
1080 |
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Berengar of Tours (against transubstantiation) |
|
1050-1088 |
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Miketa of Stethatos, disciple of Symeon |
|
c.1025-c.1090 |
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Guitmund of Aversa, Normandy |
|
1060-1095 |
Norman invasion was wrong. Defended transubstantiation against Berengar. The decay of the elements is only a deception of our senses. |
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Over 12,000 Jews killed in Germany |
1096 |
During the 1st Crusade, Jews said to be worst enemies after Muslims |
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Apocalypse of Sedrach |
5 ½ |
900-1100 |
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Glycus Annals |
|
1120 |
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John Zonaras (commented on Peter of Alex.) |
|
1120 |
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Peter Alfonsi. Shield of the Trinity diagram |
|
fl.1120 |
Born a Jew in Muslim Spain, he became an apologist against Judaism and Islam |
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Jews expelled from Flanders (Belgium) |
1121 |
Jews told they had to repent of killing Christ |
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Eadmer of Canterbury, disciple of Anselm. champion of the immaculate conception |
|
died c.1123-1126 |
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Rupert of Deutz (=Rupert Tuitiensis) Benedictine |
|
1080-1129 |
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Hildebert de Lavardin of Tours |
|
d.1133 A.D. |
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Robert Pullus. Wrote the main theological textbook until Peter Lombard's Sentences |
|
c.1133-c.1147 |
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2nd Crusade: French monk Rudolph says kill all Jews |
1146-1148 |
Jews are protected by Emperor Conrad & the monk Bernard of Clairvaux |
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Liturgy of Mark (used at Alexandria) |
9 |
ms. 12th cent. |
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Kabbalah Jewish mysticism |
|
12th century - |
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Peter Lombard. Wrote Sentences. Used by many, including Luther and Calvin |
|
1142-1160 |
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Gerhoh of Reichersberg |
|
1119-1169 |
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Gotfridus Viterbiensis |
|
1170 |
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Hildegard of Bingen, mystic nun, Gospel commentator, scientist, moralist, musician |
|
c.1142-1174 |
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Petrus Comestor, Bible historian |
|
c.1148-c.1178 |
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King Philip expels all Jews from France |
1181-1188 |
Philip recalls the Jews back 7 years later |
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Coronation of Richard the Lion-hearted in England |
1189 |
Many Jews killed, houses burned, crown confiscated over 8 million marks |
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Cretian of Troyes created Holy Grail story |
|
1190 |
At one point 18 churches at the same time had the relic of the Holy Grail. |
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Theodore Balsamon of Antioch (commented on Peter of Alex.) |
|
1183-1195 |
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Michael, Patriarch of the Syrian Orthodox church |
|
1166-1199 |
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Constantine Stilbes |
|
1150-1200 |
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Radulfus Ardens, wrote Universal Mirror |
|
died c.1200 |
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Joachim of Fiore, mystic |
|
1174-1201 |
Condemned by Aquinas for postulation Age of the Father, Age of the Son, and Age of the Holy Spirit. |
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Alain de Lille. French theologian and poet. Mystic against scholasticism. |
|
c.1150-1203 |
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Adam of Dryburgh, wrote many sermons |
|
c.1184-c.1212 |
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Peter of Poitiers. Wrote on Ex, Lev, Num, Ps |
|
c.1179-c.1215 |
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4th Lateran Council |
1215 |
Issues restrictions against the Jews |
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Stephen Langton. Write on almost all books of the Old Testament |
|
1207-1228 |
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Council of Toulouse |
|
1229 |
Hunt heretics. Old and New Testament forbidden except a psalter or breviary |
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Alexander of Hales. Aristotelian scholastic |
|
1220-1245 |
Pondered: would Christ have been incarnated if people had never sinned? |
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John of la Rochelle . Wrote on the soul |
|
c.1238-1245 |
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Serapion of Vladimir (near Kiev) 5 Sermons |
|
c.1240-1245 |
Mongol invasion was God's punishment for people's sins |
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Antoninus Melissa Loci Communes. Collection of sentences |
|
11th century |
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Robert Grossetest of England. theologian, poet, bishop, wrote on the scientific method |
|
c.1220-1253 |
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Testament of Abraham (present form of long version) |
8 ½ |
13th century |
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Thomas of Celano (Franciscan hymnist) |
|
1225-1265 |
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Nine Crusades |
1189-1272 |
To retake Israel (& capture Constantinople), gain land & money |
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Ulrich of Strasburg. Disciple of Albert Magnus. Summa de Bono |
|
1265-1272 |
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Thomas Aquinas - Aristotelian theologian |
|
1248-1274 |
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Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza) |
|
c.1253-1274 |
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2nd Council of Lyons |
|
1274 |
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Jacobus de Voraigne of Genoa |
|
1275 |
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Albert Magnus of Cologne, Germany |
|
1245-1280 |
Aristotelian theologian. Also wrote on science, astrology, law. Preached the 8th crusade. He influenced Thomas Aquinas. |
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Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury. alphabetical summary of Church fathers. Opposed Aristotelianism, |
|
1272-1279 |
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John Pecham, Archibishop of Canterbury, Opposed Aristotelianism; debated Aquinas twice |
|
1279-1292 |
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Henry of Ghent (Doctor Solemnis) |
|
1276-1293 |
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Mechthild of Magdeburg, mystic nun |
|
c.1230-1294 |
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Pope Boniface VII Clericis Laicos |
|
1296 |
Excommunicates clergy who pay secular taxes. and English King Edward outlaws priests in England |
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Hugh of Balma (Hugh of Dorche) |
|
c.1250-c.1297 |
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Nestorian work The Pearl (The Marganitha) |
|
1298 |
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Peter John Olivi. Franciscan extreme poverty. Invented papal infallibility on official statements |
|
c.1279-1298 |
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Peter Quesnel, Franciscan in Norwich, England |
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died 1299? |
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Boniface VII's papal bull Unam Sanctam. |
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1302 |
French king Philip captures and tortures Pope Boniface VII for heresy. Others free him, but he dies a month later. The next pope, Benedict XI, dies mysteriously after a month. The next pope, Clement V, is France's puppet. |
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Roger Marston, pupil of John Pecham |
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-c.1303 |
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King Philip the Fair expels Jews from France |
1306 |
100,000 Jews banished |
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John Duns Scotus, pupil of Roger Marston. Com-mentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. |
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1300-1308 |
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James of Viterbo |
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died 1308 |
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Muslims massacre Christians in Arbela |
1310 |
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Ramon Llull. Inspired by Francis of Assisi, mathematician who influenced Leibnitz, Catalan writer, missionary to Muslims, started schools to train missionaries to Muslims |
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1263-1315 |
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Last Nestorian Persian Synod Elects Timothy II as Patriarch |
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1318 |
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Over 5,000 Jews burned in Guienne, France |
1321 |
Accused of having wells poisoned |
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Pope John XXII, who was against Franciscans, issued the bull Qui quorundam. |
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1324 |
In the bull Qui quorundam he says papal infallibility is “the work of the devil.” He was pope for 18 years after that. Some Catholics consider this pope a heretic. |
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French king Louis deposes Pope John XXII for heresy |
1328 |
The next pope, Nicholas V was deposed in 1329 when Louis left Rome. |
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Marsilius of Padua, later archbishop of Milan, persecutes catholic clergy loyal to John XXII |
1328- |
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Meister Eckhart. strange mystical views |
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c.1294-c.1328 |
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Durandus of Saint-Pourcain |
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c.1313-1332 |
Wrote commentaries on Peter Lombard's Sentences |
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Thomas Waleys, Dominican friar |
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1333 |
Imprisoned for saying saints and purified souls see God immediately after death. |
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Muslims massacre Christians in Almaliq |
1339 |
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Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro. Commentary on Peter Lombard’s Sentences |
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c.1300-1342 |
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Marsiglio of Padua. Italian scholar and doctor who argued against the Pope’s supremacy |
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1320-1342 |
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Gregory Akindos (against Ascetic Hesychasts) |
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-c.1347 |
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Barlaam of Seminara – against Hesychasm |
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1323-1348 |
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Over 11,000 Jews burned to death in Germany |
1348 |
Jews blamed for the Black Plague |
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Thomas Bradwardine, mathematician, astronomer, archbishop of Canterbury |
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1321-1349 |
Wrote against Pelagianism. Thought stars had an influence on people's character. |
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Gregory Palamas, defender of Hesychasm (senseless prayer) |
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1335-1359 |
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Richard FitzRalph of Armagh - dominion doctrine |
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1328-1360 |
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Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopulus Ecclesiastical History. Poem on the Gospels |
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ca.1320-1360 |
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Johannes Tauler. Disciple of Meister Eckhart and universalist |
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1330-1361 |
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Henry Suso. Disciple of Meister Eckhart |
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c.1327-1366 |
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Catherine of Sienna |
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1347-1380 |
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Macarius Chrysocephalus of Constantinople |
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1300-1382 |
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John Wycliffe & the Lollards in England |
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1367-1382 |
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Otto of Passau The 24 Elders, or the Golden Throne of Loving Souls |
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fl.1386 |
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Henry of Langenstein, Germany. theologian, mathematician, wrote against astrology |
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1368-1397 |
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The Cloud of Unknowing |
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1350-1400 |
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Muslim Tamerlane sacks Baghdad |
1401 |
Tamerlane massacres thousands of Muslims and Christians |
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Muslim Tamerlane killed 17 million, 5% world pop. |
1360-1405 |
Slaughtered Hindus, fellow Muslims, and almost extinguished Nestorians |
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Nicholas Magni, disciple of Matthew of Krakow Tractatus de supersticionibus |
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1405 |
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Henry of Kalkar. Theologian, musician, ascetic |
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c.1357-1408 |
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The Bible in English is illegal in England |
1408 |
Illegal to translate or read the Bible in English without the bishop's consent |
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Matthew of Krakow |
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1382-1410 |
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Jean Petit, in the pay of Burgundy, justified killing those considered as tyrants |
1408-1411 |
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Jan Hus & the Hussites in Bohemia |
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1404-7/6/1415 |
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Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
Pages |
Date A.D. |
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Julian of Norwich, English Anchorite |
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1373-1416 |
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Western Schism of dueling Catholic popes |
1378-1417 |
Popes in both Rome and Avignon, France, ended by the Council of Constance |
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Council of Constance |
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1414-1418 |
Ends the great schism and burns Jan Hus at the stake. |
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Pope Martin V issues papal bull |
Mar 17, 1420 |
Crusade to exterminate followers of Wycliffe, Huss, & other heretics |
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Jean Gerson. Against Jean Petit. |
|
c.1395-1429 |
Major theologian at the council of Constance. |
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Hussite Wars |
1419-1434 |
After Catholics executed Jan Hus, they invaded Bohemia |
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Matthew Doring helps depose Pope Eugene IV |
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1439 |
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Synod of Florence |
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1439 |
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Medieval Christians: Cath., Orthodox, Copts |
- |
c.500-c.1500 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
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Muslim Qur’an or Sunni hadiths (5 collections) |
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c.609- |
W |
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Some moderate Muslims |
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W |
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Peter Waldo & the Waldenses in It., Fr., Sp. |
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1175-1532 |
W |
W |
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W |
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Hadmannus Schedelius Chronicle |
|
1450 |
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Albert Suho. wrote on theology and history from creation to 1452 |
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1447-1452 |
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Zinzendorf & the Moravian Brethren |
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1457- |
W |
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W |
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Nicholas of Cusa. Theologian and astronomer |
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1434-1464 |
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Matthew Doring. The Precious Blood of Wilsnack |
|
1432-1469 |
Wrote on the primary of church councils over the pope. The communion wine miraculously survived when the church in Wilsnack burned down. |
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Thomas a Kempis The Imitation of Christ |
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1471 |
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Trithenius, Abbot of Scripture |
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c.1480 |
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Heinrich von Dissen. many commentaries & sermons |
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c.1437-1484 |
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Portuguese forcibly convert Nestorians |
1498 |
Portuguese force Nestorians to convert to Catholicism in India |
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Martin Luther nails 95 Theses to Wittenberg church door |
|
Oct 31, 1517 |
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Magnus Hundt |
|
c.1487-1519 |
Man in the image of God. A founder of anthropology. |
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English king persecutes the Lollards |
1413-1532 |
Not too many executed |
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Crusade against the Waldenses |
1487-1545- |
Pope Innocent VIII orders a crusade to exterminate the Waldenses |
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Sylvester Mazzolini, first theologian to publicly attack Martin Luther |
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1515-1527 |
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Tetrapolitan Confession |
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1530 |
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Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer, & Zwinglians |
|
1454-1531 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
W |
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W |
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W |
W |
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Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (opponent of Luther) |
|
1494-1534 |
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Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (Catholic Bible scholar) |
|
1469-1536 |
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1st Helvetic Confession |
|
1536 |
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Heinrich Bullinger |
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fl.1539 |
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Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans |
|
1483-1546 |
W |
W |
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W |
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Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, Swiss Anabaptist |
|
1521-1527- |
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Balthasar Hubmaier (Anabaptist) |
|
1480-1528 |
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Luther preaches to kill Jews & Anabaptists |
1537-1546 |
Luther changed his view on killing Anabaptists in his last sermon. |
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Council of the 100 Chapters (Stoglav) Moscow (Orthodox, icons) |
|
1551 |
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Michael Servetus against the Trinity. Son created at conception. Unitarians, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Oneness Pentecostals have all claimed him as like them. |
|
1531-1553 |
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Calvinists persecute Anabaptists |
1527-1810 |
Switzerland repealed persecution laws against Anabaptists in 1810. |
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Confession of Czengar |
|
1557 |
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The Gallican Confession (De La Rochelle (Huguenot) (Reformed) |
|
1559 |
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Menno Simons, peaceful German Anabaptist, Mennonites |
|
1536-1561 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
W |
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W |
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Belgic Confession (Reformed) |
|
1561 |
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Roman Catholic Council of Trent |
|
1545-1563 |
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John Calvin, a founder of Reformed theology |
|
1536-1564 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
W |
W |
W |
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2nd Helvetic Confession |
|
1566 |
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John of Avila (6 volumes of writing) |
|
1499-1569 |
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Consensus of Sendomir, (Reformed in Poland) |
|
1570 |
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
Aug 23, 1572 |
French Catholics treacherously kill 5-30K French Huguenots |
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Laurentius Surius (Carthusian monk historian) |
|
1542-1578 |
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Theresa of Avila, Carmelite nun, mystic. John of the Cross ministered under her. |
|
1550-1582 |
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Charles Borromeo of Milan. Persecuted Protestants in the counter-Reformation |
|
1538-1584 |
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John Foxe |
|
1552-1587 |
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John of the Cross. Spanish Carmelite, later tortured by other Carmelites for disobeying them, later made a saint |
|
1542-1591 |
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Richard Hooker Influential Anglican theologian. Scripture along, too many Popish rules, against extreme Puritanism |
|
1577-1600 |
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Jesus Luis de Molina (Molinists teach prevenient grace) |
|
1588-1600 |
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Unitarians (later because Unitarian Universalists) |
1600- |
Denied the deity of Christ and the virgin birth |
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William Perkins of Cambridge. A Founder of the Puritans |
|
1558-1602 |
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Jacobus Arminius |
|
1588-1605 |
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Creed of Metrophanes Critopulus |
|
1625 |
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Dutch Reformed Synod of Dort |
|
1618 |
Developed the five points of Calvinism (TULIP) against the five points of Arminius |
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Cardinal Robert Bellarmine. Against Galileo. later made a saint and doctor of the church. |
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1567-1621 |
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David Blondel, Protestant reformer |
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1628 |
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Cyril Lucar (Loukaris) Greek orthodox patriarch follows Protestant reformers |
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1629-1631 |
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Ottomans devise the Devsirme system |
1383-1638 |
Required each Christian family to give up one son to be a Muslim Janissary |
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Galileo Galilei, Christian Astronomer |
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1564-1642 |
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Jesuit Luis del Alcazar first to each Preterism. All but the last 3 chapters were fulfilled soon after John |
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1614 |
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Orthodox Confession of Mogilas |
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1643 |
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Westminster Shorter Catechism |
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1646-1647 |
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Thirty Years War Catholics vs. Lutherans/France |
1618-1648 |
About 1/4 of Germans perished. Many Protestants and Catholics killed. |
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Puritans banish Baptists from Massachusetts |
1649 |
They would banish all against baptism of infants |
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Bogomils, Manichaean/Gnostic |
970-1650 |
Originating from Paulicans, they spread from Greece to France. |
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James Ussher, Protestant archbishop of Ireland |
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1581-1656 |
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Polish Catholics kill Orthodox |
-1656 |
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Lelio Sozzini & Socinianism (became Unitarians later) |
1550-1658 |
Denied the deity of Christ, and later the virgin birth |
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Waldensian Confession of Faith |
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1655 |
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Blaise Pascal, Jensenist (a Calvinist Catholic) |
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1654-1662 |
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Moses Amyraut. French founder of Amaryldian (4.5 point) Calvinist |
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1561-1664 |
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Great Council of Moscow (Orthodox, icons) |
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1666-1667 |
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Synod of Jerusalem |
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1672 |
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Francois Combefis (Dominican monk historian) |
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1640-1679 |
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John Owen, influential Puritan |
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1637-1683 |
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Richard Baxter. Puritan who believed in universal atonement and the importance of faith in getting saved |
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1641-1691 |
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Synod of Constantinople |
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1672,1691 |
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Jakob Ammann & the Amish (no modernity) |
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1693- |
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Benjamin Keach. English Particular Baptist, hymn writer. Wrote 43 works |
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1658-1704 |
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Early covenant theologians: Heinrich Bullinger, Caspar Alerianus, Johannes Oecolampadius, Zacharius Ursinus, Robbert Rollock, Herman Witsius |
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1536-1708 |
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George Bull. Anglican priest who wrote on the Trinity and justification |
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1655-1710 |
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Isaac Chauncy, Neonomian and medical doctor |
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1712 |
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Roman Catholic Papal bulls against Jansenists |
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1653, 1713 |
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Synod of the Russian Church (Orthodox, icons) |
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1722 |
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Isaac Newton (denied the Trinity, liked Arians) |
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1642-1727 |
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Benedictine Antoin Calmet |
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1707-1742 |
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Archbishop Hugh Boulter of Ireland |
1724-1742 |
Forbade Catholic lawyers, judges, voters. During famine brought food to Ulster |
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Isaac Watts, theologian and logician. 750 hymns |
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1690-1748 |
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George Whitfield (Great Awakening preacher) |
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1714-1770 |
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Emmanuel Swedenborg (Last Judgment in 1757, Oneness) |
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1744-1770 |
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Christian August Crusius |
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1744-1775 |
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Synod of Constantinople (Orthodox, icons) |
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1776 |
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Christianity spreads in Korea, then is wiped out |
1785 |
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John Wesley, Arminian, Methodism's founder |
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1738-1791 |
W |
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Robert Morrison translates Bible into Chinese |
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1807 |
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Gr. Orthodox: Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain Pedalion (The Rudder) |
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1775-1809 |
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Richard Allen & the African Methodist Episcopal Church |
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1816 |
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Calvinistic Methodists |
|
1823 |
W |
W |
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W |
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Primitive Baptists (reformed, believer’s baptism, no mission societies, ~110K members) |
|
1827- |
W |
W |
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Heretic Friedrich Schliermacher |
|
1830 |
God is within humanity, not above it. |
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Joseph Smith & Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) |
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1830- |
W |
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Spanish Inquisition |
1478-1834 |
Tortured & executed Jews, Muslims, Protestants, & even many Catholics |
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William Carey, started Baptist Missionary Society |
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1761-1834 |
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John Rippon, hymnist |
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1771-1836 |
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Kurds massacre 10,000 Nestorians |
1846 |
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Pope Pius IX of Rome restores Jewish restrictions |
1846-1848 |
All previous restrictions on Jews enforced in the Vatican |
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Christadelphians deny the Trinity, and H.S. Satan as beings |
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1849- |
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Medieval Inquisition in France & Europe |
1184-mid 19th century |
Tortured & executed Anabaptists, Protestants, & a few Catholics |
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Babis |
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1844-1850 |
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Azalis & Baha'is, offshoots of Islam |
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1850 & 1863- |
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Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod split from LCMS. They believe the papacy is the antichrist. ~300K members. |
|
1850- |
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Tokugawa Shoguns persecute Christians in Japan |
1629-1856 |
Those who refused to trample pictures of Jesus or Mary tortured & killed. Many thousands killed |
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Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar |
1828-1861 |
Killed half of the people of Madagascar (2.5 million), especially Christians |
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Ellen G. White & Seventh Day Adventists |
|
1863- |
W |
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St. Ignaty Brianchaninov (Orthodox, icons) |
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1807-1867 |
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The First Vatican Council in Roman Catholicism |
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1870 |
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Insider Movement to Hindus (founded by Kali Chan Banurji) |
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1870- |
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Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower) |
|
1872- |
W |
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French Declaration of Faith (Reformed) |
|
1872 |
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David Livingstone, missionary to Africa |
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1813-1873 |
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Charles Finney (Arminian revivalist) |
|
1825-1875 |
W |
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W |
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Salvation Army founded by William Booth and his wife Catherine Munford |
|
1878- |
W |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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W |
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Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian |
|
19th century |
m |
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m |
m |
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Mary Baker Eddy & Christian Science |
|
1875/1879- |
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Julius Mueller. Protestant theologian, pre-existence of souls |
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1839-1878 |
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Charles Spurgeon. almost 3,600 sermons |
49 vols. |
1854-1892 |
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The Fundamentals of Protestant fundamentalism |
|
1895 |
W |
W |
W |
W |
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Turks kill 300,000 Armenians |
1895 |
Armenians tried to be independent like the Balkans, so Turks killed most of them |
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Unity Church (Charles Fillmore a founder) |
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1899- |
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Pentecostal Movement, Assemblies of God stared in Topeka, Kansas |
|
1900 |
W |
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Hudson and Maria Taylor, missionaries to China |
|
1832-1905 |
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Lottie Moon Baptist missionary to China |
|
-1913 |
Highly educated. Works in a small village. Dies of malnourishment (only 50 pounds) after helping villager after the Yellow River floods |
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Oneness Pentecostalism (denies the Trinity) |
|
1914- |
W |
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Karl Barth |
|
1919 |
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Roman Catholic Cardinal James Gibbons |
|
1868-1921 |
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Communist persecutions |
1922- |
Persecution of Christians and others, from the USSR to the Khmer Rouge |
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C. T. Studd, missionary to Africa |
|
1860-1931 |
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Cam Townsend and the Wycliffe Bible translators |
|
1934- |
Thousands of translations. After 2010, some translations, like Turkish and Arabic, take out the word "Father" and "son" |
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G.K. Chesterton |
|
1874-1936 |
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Jews intermittently expelled or attacked |
1009-1939 |
Jews attacked by mobs, pogroms, or expelled in Europe & North Africa |
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Rudolf Bultmann "demythologizing the Bible" |
|
1941 |
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Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran |
|
-1945 |
Plotted to kill Hitler, and denied the physical resurrection of Christ |
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Alfred North Whitehead, mathematician, process philosophy |
|
1910-1941 |
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Gustavo Guitierrez & Liberation Theology |
|
1950's-1971- |
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Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church) |
508 |
1954- |
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L. Ron Hubbard and the Church of Scientology |
|
1954- |
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2nd Vatican Council |
|
1962 |
Accepts Protestants as "separated brethren" |
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Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament (DTS published) Partial: only up to page 270. |
270 |
1983 |
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C.S. Lewis |
|
1898-1963 |
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Paul Tillich Liberal Lutheran “God is love” |
|
1951-1963 |
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Word Mission Society Church of God (=Church of Ahnsahnghong, =Elohists) |
|
1964- |
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Henry Emerson Fosdick (liberal preacher against inerrancy) |
|
1878-1969 |
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Insider (C5) Movement to Muslims (Qur'an & Mohammed from God too, rejects the Trinity) |
|
1970's- |
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Chrislam, syncretistic religion in Nigeria |
|
1970's- |
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Church Universal & Triumphant / Elizabeth Claire Prophet (New Age) |
|
1975- |
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William Barclay -skeptical that Jesus was God, not affirm the physical resurrection |
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1907-1978 |
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Hebrew Roots Movement |
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1994- |
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Charles Hartshorne, process theologian, Ontological argument |
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wrote 1923-1995 |
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Buddhist persecution in Myanmar/Burma |
2000- |
Buddhist government persecutes both Christians and Muslims |
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Henry Morris, Institute for Creation Research |
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1918-2006 |
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Hindus persecute Christians Orissa province India |
Aug 2008- |
300+ churches burned, 400+ killed after Maoists kill Hindu Swami Laxmananand |
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Hans Kung, liberal Roman Catholic theologian |
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1954-2013 |
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Conservative Protestant: Norm Geisler, Chuck Swindoll, J.I. Packer, J. Vernon Magee, R.C. Sproul, Antioch Church (600 million) |
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c.1517- |
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Modern Eastern Orthodox (200 million) |
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1672- |
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Modern Roman Catholic (1.29 billion) |
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1962- |
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Messianic Jews |
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1960's- |
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Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript |
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Date A.D. |
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www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/NiceaToEphesusTeachingOnTheWorkOfGodInTheOTGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatNiceaUntilEphesusChristiansTaughtOnDoctrine.html and www.Biblequery.org/History/ChurchHistory/WhatEphesusAndLaterChristiansTaughtOnDoctrine.html.
by Steven M. Morrison, PhD. If you find what you think are any omissions or errors, please email webmaster@biblequery.org