APOLOGETICS AND EVANGELISM

POLEMIC EVANGELISTIC METHODS

Legend for Cells

a1. Answering questions of others   Mk 10:17-21; Lk 12:14-17

h1. Debate and argument in witnessing Acts 18:28

W = Wrote explicitly on this teaching

a2. Using questions Mk 12:35-37; Lk 6:33-34,38,41,42,46

h2. Do no throw pearls before swine Mt 7:6

I = Implied this is true or opposite is false

a3. Showing misconceptions/contradictions Gal 2:14

h4. Call other beliefs delusion/madness 2 Th 2:11

N = Implied since accepted Nicene Creed

a4. Ps 110 refers to Christ Mt 22:44; Acts 1:34-35

h5. Apologetic use of Plato’s Timaeus -

m = Mixed: some agree, others did not

a5. Nature witnesses to God Ps 19; Rom 1:18-20

h6. Apologetic use of Jupiter’s tomb ~Tt1:12

P = partial

a6. Appeal to science -

h7. Pointing out adulteries of Greek gods -

a7. First Cause (cosmological arg.) (partial) Isa 43:10-

h8. Humor in witnessing  Acts 26:29

- = no reference found (so far)

a8. Only one is supreme Isa 40:13,14,25

h9. Harsh rebuke in witnessing Mt 23:33; Gal 1:6-9

X = Disagree

a9. Morality vs. evil in other religions Lev 20:2-5

h10. Calling people names. Mt 23:25,33; Lk3:7; Jn8:55

blank = not researched yet

a10. Appeal to historians  Josh 10:13; 2 Sam 1:18

h11. Ridicule and sarcasm in witnessing 1 Ki 18:27

Writer totals include W’s & I’s but not P’s

Christian writer, heretic, or Bible manuscript

Pages

Date A.D.

a1

a2

a3

a4

a5

a6

a7

a8

a9

a10

h1

h2

h4

h5

h6

h7

h8

h9

h10

h11

Nero and Domitian persecute Christians

50 & 95/96

est. 500K Christians. Labeled atheists; killed for refusing to worship emperor/idols

Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement)

16 ¼

97/98

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Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John

2

95-110

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“Presbyters” (Papias?)

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Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version)

13

c.100-117

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Trajan persecutes Christians

107-117

Answered Pliny the Younger’s letter. Christians not hunted, but killed if found

Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles)

4 ¾

before 125

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Apology of Aristides (Greek version)

4

125or138-161

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Quadratus of Athens fragment (apologist)

1/8

126

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Letter to  Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus)

5 ¼

c.130

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Hadrian persecutes Christians and Jews

118 & 134

Hadrian loved Greek culture, and he persecuted both Jewish & Christian people

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (Greek)

29

70-135

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Bar Cochba persecutes Christians

135

Christians persecuted in Israel because they would not join Bar Cochba’s revolt.

Epistle of Barnabas

12 ½

100-150

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p52, p104. p87 have 5, 5, & 4 verses (Jn, Mt, Philemon)

-138,100-150

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p46 Chester Beatty II - 70% Paul, Heb (1,680 verses)

100-150

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p98 Revelation 1:13-2:1 (9 verses)

150?

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2 Clement (anonymous writer)

5 ¾

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Polycarp to the Philippians

3 ½

100-155

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Apostolic fathers totals: all symbols except P

67.7

-155

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Gospel of Mary (ms. p463 is 200-250 A.D.)

1

2nd century

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Shepherd of Hermas

46 ½

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Justin Martyr, philosopher and apologist

137

c.138-165

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Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp

5

c.169

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Marcion of Pontus, pupil of Cerdo/Cerdon. Apelles & Prepon from Marcion.

before 170-

Gnostics believed Creator was evil/foolish, rejected Old Test., mixed in paganism.

Menander then Satorninos/Saturnilus (ascetic Gnostics)

c.150-4th cen.

Cerdo & Menander from Simon in Acts. Encratite gnostics came from Saturnilus.

Dionysius of Corinth (wrote against Marcion)

1/3

170

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Tatian's Diatessaron

86

died 172

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Tatian. Encratite Gnostic later

18

died 172

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Basilides & his pupil Isidorus, changed from Menander 's teaching

2.5

132-135-4th

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Sethians/Borborites (libertine Gnostics)

20

?-4th cen.

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Hermetic Gnostics (no mention of Christ)

6

?-4th cen.

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Valentinians including Heracleon, Colorbasus, Marcus, & Ptolemy

23+12

c.150-4th cen.

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Other gnostics: Cainites, Carpocrates, Docetics, Peretae, Cerinthus, Dositheus, Monoimus, Hermogenes, Marcillinians, Melchisedecians, Nicolaus, Ophites, Secundus/Epiphanes

37

c.150-4th century

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p66 Bodmer II Papyri - 92% of John (817 verses)

c.125-175

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p4, p64, & p67 Lk 1:58-59,etc. Mt 26:7-8,etc. (95 verses)

c.150-175

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p90 Jn 18:36-19:7 (11 verses)

c.175

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Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons)

6 ½

177

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Athenagoras (apologist)

33 ½

177

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Persecution of Marcus Aurelius

162/166-180

Aurelius was a Stoic philosopher. Persecution mainly in Gaul ended when he died

Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian)

11

170-177

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Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis

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Hegesippus (chronicler, against Gnostics)

2 ½

170-180

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Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles)

½

180

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Theophilus of Caesarea

1/8

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Theophilus of Antioch ( to Autolycus)

32

168-181/188

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Ebionite Clementine Homilies (Law, Father, Son)

123 ½

-188-

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Ebionite Letter of Peter to James

2

-188-

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Ebionite Letter of Clement to James

4 ½

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Early Christians warning about Ebionites

1

183-325

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Irenaeus Proof of Apostolic Preaching

22.75

c.260-202

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Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp

262

182-188

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Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it)

2

before 190

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Maximus of Jerusalem -wrote on origin of evil

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185-196

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Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian)

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196

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Akhmin Apocalypse of Peter (Greek)

2

100-200

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p32 (=P. Rylands 5) Titus 1:1-15; 2:3-8 (21 verses)

150-200

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p103/p77 Mt 13:55-57; 14:3-5; 23:30-39 (10 verses)

200

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p23 James 1:10-12, 15-18 (7 verses)

c.200

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Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs -died 180 A.D.

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180-202

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Caius and the Muratorian Canon

3

190-217

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Sabellian heresy (Praxeas, Noetus)

c.200-257-

Patripassians believed Father, Son, & Spirit were one person.

Zephyrinus & Callistus of Rome

199-222 A.D.

God came upon the human man Jesus. Callistus excommunicated Sabellius.

Persecution of Septimus Severus

202

est. 2M Christians. A Christian helped him when ill, but didn’t repeal existing laws

Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas

7

c.201/205

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Acts of Paul and Thecla (Tertullian said faked by a presbyter)

6

before 207

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Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain

209

Alban, Julius, and Aaron were formerly thought killed in 304/5 A.D.

Epitaph of Abercius of Hieropolis in Phrygia Salutaris

0.125

190-210

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Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion)

1/3

191/200-210

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Minucius Felix (The Octavius)

25

210

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Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists)

1

c.210

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Clement of Alexandria Stromata

245.75

193-202

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Clement of Alexandria Protorepticus

34.75

c.195

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Clement of Alexandria (remainder)

109

193-217/220

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Tertullian (joined the Montanist Church)

734

198-220

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Tertullian’s 5 Books Against Marcion

194

207/8

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Tertullian: On Monogamy, On Modesty

41.25

208-220

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p75 Lk 3:18-22; etc. Jn 1:1-11:45,etc. (1,166 verses)

175-225

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0189 Acts 5:3-21 (earliest N.T. parchment) (19 verses)

175-225

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p45 Chester Beatty I, Four gospels + Acts (833 verses)

200-225

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Green Collection #425 Rom 9:18-21 some Rom 10

early 3rd

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p29 Acts 26:7-8,20 (3 verses), p30 1 Th 4:12-13,16-17, 5:3,8-10,12-18,25-28; 2 Th 1:1-2; 2:1,9-11 (25 verses)

ca.225

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Ebionite Recognitions of Clement

134

211-231

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Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical). Against Marcion & Valentinus.

11 ½

154-224/232

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Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists)

2 ¾

c.232

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Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son)

2 ¼

before 235

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Theodotus of Byzantium (Jesus born only a man)

1/2

before 235

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Justin's Book of Baruch -Moses,Heracles,Christ

2.5

188-235

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Naaseni Gnostics & their Gospel of Thomas

3+6

188-235

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2W

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Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed)

218

222-235/6

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Maximim Thrax persecutes Christians

235-238

First empire-wide persecution, but only of clergy. It stopped when he was killed.

Narrative of Zosimus

4 ½

before 240

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Theodotus the probable Montanist

7 ¾

ca.240

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Instructions of Commodianus

16

c.240

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Julius Africanus (undisputed writings)

9

232-245

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Ebionite Protoevangelium of James

6

145-248

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Heraclas of Alexandria, 1st to be called a pope

7/8

232-249

No Roman bishop called a pope until Julius of Rome in 347 A.D. Siricius c.384-399 was the 1st Roman bishop to call himself a pope.

"Revised Valentinian" Tripartite Tractate

11

200-250

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p13 Heb 2:14-5:5;10:8-22;10:29-11:13 ;etc. (114 verses)

225-250

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p5 Jn 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-20;20:11-17,19-20,22-25

early 3rd cent.

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Martyrdom of the Holy Martyrs

1 ½

before 250

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p1 Mt 1:1-9,12,14-20 (17 verses)

250

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p22 Jn 15:25-16:2; 16:21-32 (17 verses)

c.250

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p129 1 Cor 7:36-39;8:10;9:3,14-17;9:27-10:6

250

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p131 Rom 9:18-21; 9:22-10:3

250

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p80 Jn 3:34 (1 verse) p95 Jn 5:26-29,36-38 (7 verses)

3rd century

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Nag Hamadi Apocalypse of Peter

2 ½

3rd century

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pseudo-Clement Two Epistles on Virginity

5¾ + 5

3rd century

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Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca

12 ½

mid 3rd cent?

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Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil)

¾

233-251

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Sentences of Sextus (partial)

2

before 253

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Origen (heterodox teacher)

562

225-253/254

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Origen’s Prayer, Exhortation to Martyrdom

180

233-235

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Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus

250-251 - 253

1st Christian schism. Can fallen Christians return, or doomed forever –Novatian

Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years)

38 ½

250/254-257

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W

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P

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Treatise Against Novatian (anonymous)

6 ½

254-256

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Treatise on Rebaptism (anonymous)

11

c.250-258

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Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian)

250 ¾ 

c.246-258

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